Table 1.
The effect of in ovo L-carnitine injection on hatching performance and post-hatch growth performance
| IO L-car treatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | IOPW | IOPW + L-car | Prob > χ2 | |
| Hatching performance | ||||
| Fertility rate, % | 94.45 | 95.52 | 95.18 | 0.841 |
| Hatchability % | 87.73 | 88.14 | 86.89 | 0.445 |
| Early embryonic dead, from 1 to 5 day % | 5.53 | 5.12 | 5.63 | 0.663 |
| Mid embryonic dead, from 6 to 14 day % | 2.23 | 1.19 | 1.32 | 0.291 |
| Late embryonic dead, from 15 to 21 day % | 2.10 | 2.54 | 2.29 | 0.354 |
| Non-pipped dead at hatching, % | 2.44 | 3.01 | 3.89 | 0.286 |
| Total embryonic mortality % | 12.27 | 11.86 | 13.11 | 0.445 |
| Post-hatch growth performance | ||||
| Mortality rate % | - | 1.55 | - | 0.312 |
| Body weight gain, from 0 to 7 day, g | 25.28 | 23.71 | 24.57 | 0.245 |
| Feed consumption, from 0 to 7 day, g | 22.11B | 20.83C | 25.28A | 0.089 |
| Feed conversion rate, from 0 to 7 day | 1.45 | 1.20 | 1.46 | 0.176 |
ABC Different superscript means differ significantly p < 0.05
C: Control, non—injection group; IOPW: In ovo pure water injection group; IOPW + L-car: In ovo L-carnitine injection group added pure water