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. 2025 Mar 20;2025:7139771. doi: 10.1155/anu/7139771

Table 1.

Formulation and proximate analysis of the experimental diets (%).

Ingredient (g/kg) Diets
CON HSLF HSMF
Casein 260.00 260.00 260.00
Gelatin 65.00 65.00 65.00
Fish oil 40.00 0.00 40.00
Soybean oil 40.00 30.00 40.00
Corn starch 350.00 550.00 550.00
Micro-cellulose 150.00 50.00 0.00
Bentonite 50.00 0.00 0.00
Vitamin premixa 10.00 10.00 10.00
Mineral premixb 10.00 10.00 10.00
Ca(H2PO4)2 20.00 20.00 20.00
Choline chloride 2.50 2.50 2.50
Vitamin C 2.50 2.50 2.50
Analyzed nutrients composition (dry matter basis)
 Crude protein (g/kg) 323.07 318.07 317.46
 Crude lipid (g/kg) 78.61 28.42 78.17
 Ash (g/kg) 78.31 28.15 28.09
 Starch (g/kg) 360.47 554.11 563.49
 Gross energy (MJ/kg) 19.86 20.42 19.42

Abbreviations: HSLF, high-starch-low-fat; HSMF, high-starch-moderate-fat.

aComposition of vitamin premix: vitamin A, 0.8 g; vitamin D3, 0.08 g; vitamin E, 20 g; vitamin K3, 18.3 g; vitamin B1, 10 g; vitamin B2, 12.5 g; vitamin B6, 8 g; nicotinic acid, 12 g; biotin, 3 g; calcium pantothenate, 20 g; folic acid, 3.2 g; inositol, 406 g. All ingredients were diluted with micro-cellulose to 1 kg.

bComposition of mineral premix: C6H10CaO6 50 g, FeSO4 20 g, MgSO4 100 g, NaH2PO4 100 g, NaCl 20 g, AlCl3 0.6 g, KIO3 0.6 g, KCl 40 g, CuSO4 2 g, MnSO4 4 g, ZnSO4 20 g, CoCl2 2 g. All ingredients were diluted with micro-cellulose to 1 kg.