. 2025 Mar 20;2025:7139771. doi: 10.1155/anu/7139771

Table 7.

Muscle free amino acid composition of Nile tilapia¹.

Parameters (mg/kg)	Diets
Parameters (mg/kg)	CON	HSLF	HSMF
EAAs
Arginine	12.07 ± 1.47^a	16.49 ± 0.82^b	16.59 ± 0.95^b
Histidine	211.00 ± 2.81^a	247.04 ± 9.72^c	228.58 ± 9.66^b
Isoleucine	25.73 ± 0.77^c	14.48 ± 0.36^a	20.40 ± 1.08^b
Leucine	25.88 ± 1.04^a	25.41 ± 1.11^a	33.78 ± 0.54^b
Lysine	122.34 ± 3.36^b	79.39 ± 3.35^a	147.80 ± 3.20^c
Methionine	19.75 ± 0.59^b	14.57 ± 1.08^a	21.03 ± 1.07^b
Phenylalanine	20.30 ± 1.58	18.82 ± 0.77	18.69 ± 1.14
Threonine	144.60 ± 7.07^b	122.26 ± 6.11^a	120.66 ± 6.57^a
Valine	34.23 ± 1.46^b	29.12 ± 1.49^a	35.80 ± 1.10^b
NEAA
Alanine	287.79 ± 5.06^b	89.69 ± 3.69^a	304.02 ± 6.31^c
Aspartate	75.56 ± 5.33^a	73.81 ± 5.11^a	86.06 ± 4.53^b
Glycine	396.73 ± 11.26^a	502.43 ± 8.69^c	431.07 ± 19.77^b
Glutamate	169.50 ± 4.80^c	92.18 ± 3.40^a	128.06 ± 6.22^b
Proline	1292.18 ± 34.88^b	789.61 ± 72.91^a	1242.58 ± 46.76^b
Serine	143.83 ± 8.14^b	290.21 ± 12.72^c	118.15 ± 7.94^a
Tyrosine	28.27 ± 0.94^c	21.96 ± 1.12^b	18.59 ± 0.91^a

Abbreviations: EAA, essential amino acid; HSLF, high-starch-low-fat; HSMF, high-starch-moderate-fat; NEAA, non-EAA; SD, standard deviation.

¹Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different superscript letters (a, b, and c) within the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Each row sharing the same superscript letter or absence of superscript are not significantly different (p > 0.05).