Fig. 5 ∣. MEDI dietary intake estimates were associated with metabolic health.

a, MEDI-detected food abundances across a cohort of 533 metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals from the METACARDIS cohort. Fill colours denote abundance (log₁₀(reads + 1)). Column annotations denote metabolic health status from the original METACARDIS cohort. Row annotations denote the major food groups from FOODB. b, Relationship between protein and carbohydrate abundances for all samples. Fill colour denotes energy content. c, Food-derived organisms with a significant association with metabolic health (FDR-corrected P < 0.05 in a limma-voom regression of read counts vs metabolic health status). Bars denote standard errors of the log₂(fold change) (n = 533). Common food names are indicated below species. d, Food-derived phyla associated with metabolic health. FDR-corrected limma-voom P values are shown above. e, Food-derived compounds associated with metabolic health (FDR-corrected P < 0.05 in a linear regression of log abundance vs metabolic health status). Bars denote standard errors of log₂(fold change) (n = 533). In c and e, positive log(fold changes) denote increased abundances in metabolically unhealthy individuals and negative log(fold changes) denote species more abundant in healthy individuals. Raw and corrected P values for c and e can be found in the Source data.