Table 3.
Lung Cancer Predictive Model Characteristics
| Model | Year Published | Input | Training Distribution | Cancer Prevalence | Outcome Criteria | Approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayo 8 | 1997 | Age, PH, SS, NSpic, NUL, NSize† | Mayo Clinic (n=419) | 23% | 2-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | Logistic regression |
| Brock 9 | 2013 | Age, Sex, FH, Emp, Nsize, Nspic NUL, Ncount, Ntype‡ | PanCan 38 (n=1871) | 5.5% | 2-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | Logistic regression |
| Liao 14 | 2017 | Single chest CT | NLST-dev (n=5436) | 17% | 1-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | ResNet, nodule detection and ROI-based prediction |
| Sybil 15 | 2023 | Single chest CT | NLST-dev (n=12672) | 17% | Up to 6-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | ResNet, global chest features and guided attention |
| DLSTM 16 | 2020 | Longitudinal chest CT | NLST-dev (n=5436) | 17% | 6-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | LSTM network, ROI-based prediction, encodes time interval between scans |
| TdViT 17 | 2023 | Longitudinal chest CT | NLST-dev (n=5436) | 17% | 6-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | Transformer network, ROI- based prediction, encodes time interval between scans |
| DeepLungScreening 20 | 2021 | Single chest CT, Age, Education, BMI, PH, FH, SS, Quit, PYR | NLST-dev (n=5436) | 17% | 2-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | ResNet, ROI-based prediction, late fusion of imaging and clinical features |
| DeepLungIPN 19 | 2021 | Single chest CT, Age, BMI, PH, SS, PYR, Nsize, NSpic, NUL, Serum biomarker¶ | Consortium cross validation§ (n=1232) | 59% | 2-year LC risk proven via tissue biopsy or no findings in follow up | DeepLungScreening, serum biomarker |
*
PH: Personal history of any cancer, FH: Family history of lung cancer, SS: smoking status (former v.s. current smoker), SI: smoking intensity (average number of cigarettes smoked a day), SD: smoking duration, Quit: years since the person quit smoking, PYR: pack-years of smoking fNSpic: Nodule spiculation present or absent, NUL: Nodule in the upper lobes, Nodule Size: largest diameter in mm
†
Emp: Presence of emphysema, Ncount: Number of nodules, Ntype: nodule type, categorized as (1) nonsolid or with ground-glass opacity, (2) part-solid, and (3) solid.
‡
Serum concentration of hs-CYFRA 21–1 (natural log of ng/ml) 39
§
Combination of Consortium-A, Consortium-DECAMP, Consortium-C