Table 1.
Comparison of general conditions and biochemical indexes among three groups.
| Index | VAI | F(χ2) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low level (n=606) | Middle level (n=605) | High level (n=606) | |||
| Age (years) | 63.11 ± 8.69 | 63.28 ± 8.90 a | 63.61 ± 8.54 a | 8.08 | <0.05 |
| Sex (male%) | 271 (44.72%) | 342 (56.53%) | 440 (72.61%) | 307.68 | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.95 ± 3.24 | 25.17 ± 3.29 a | 25.65 ± 3.33 a , b | 135.68 | <0.05 |
| Diabetic duration (years) | 9.16 ± 7.29 | 9.30 ± 7.11 | 9.23 ± 6.84 | 1.49 | 0.21 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.60 ± 18.68 | 132.10 ± 17.96 a | 132.02 ± 15.55 a | 4.54 | <0.05 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.93 ± 11.07 | 89.05 ± 11.35 a | 89.70 ± 10.82 a | 5.43 | <0.05 |
| Smoking | 167 (27.56%) | 196 (32.40%) | 187 (30.86%) | 11.15 | <0.05 |
| Drinking | 81 (13.37%) | 100 (16.53%) | 104 (17.16%) | 13.63 | <0.05 |
| WC (cm) | 85.51 ± 10.61 | 89.98 ± 10.41 a | 91.94 ± 9.97 a , b | 197.57 | <0.05 |
| HC (cm) | 95.80 ± 60.36 | 97.45 ± 45.34 | 97.88 ± 36.95 | 1.04 | 0.35 |
| BRI | 3.79 ± 1.30 | 4.38 ± 1.33 a | 4.79 ± 1.37 a , b | 278.99 | <0.05 |
| WHR | 0.52 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.06 a | 0.57 ± 0.06 a , b | 36.88 | <0.05 |
| WHtR | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.95 ± 0.08 a | 0.95 ± 0.07 a , b | 293.80 | <0.05 |
| VAI | 1.05 ± 0.33 | 2.19 ± 0.38 a | 5.54 ± 3.55 a , b | 2449.45 | <0.05 |
| LAP | 22.11 ± 13.30 | 42.91 ± 17.92 a | 92.22 ± 54.36 a , b | 2179.89 | <0.05 |
| ABSI | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 a , b | 74.26 | <0.05 |
| C-index | 1.25 ± 0.12 | 1.29 ± 0.12 a | 1.31 ± 0.11 a , b | 136.39 | <0.05 |
| CUN-BAE | 29.23 ± 6.95 | 32.11 ± 7.04 a | 34.54 ± 7.12 a , b | 277.06 | <0.05 |
| AVI | 9.98 ± 35.51 | 9.64 ± 25.34 | 9.51 ± 20.29 | 0.13 | 0.88 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.71 ± 12.78 | 4.66 ± 1.78 | 5.05 ± 10.73 | 0.91 | 0.41 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.97 ± 0.34 | 1.57 ± 0.44 a | 3.02 ± 1.54 a , b | 2408.93 | <0.05 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.84 ± 8.98 | 2.84 ± 1.02 | 3.18 ± 10.80 | 1.13 | 0.32 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 4.18 | 1.14 ± 0.28 a | 0.98 ± 0.22 a | 31.18 | <0.05 |
| UA (umol/L) | 344.16 ± 165.48 | 330.23 ± 138.12 | 353.77 ± 194.66 | 0.36 | 0.70 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 122.26 ± 75.52 | 121.04 ± 35.34 | 118.11 ± 29.87 | 0.78 | 0.46 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 68.39 ± 95.72 | 78.51 ± 41.21 | 115.02 ± 50.31 a | 3.21 | <0.05 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.17 ± 2.13 | 8.30 ± 1.93 | 8.64 ± 1.96 a , b | 28.49 | <0.05 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.35 ± 3.16 | 8.70 ± 3.15 a | 9.22 ± 3.25 a , b | 35.23 | <0.05 |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 12.01 ± 3.74 | 12.02 ± 4.26 | 12.26 ± 4.03 a , b | 13.54 | <0.05 |
| DKD (%) | 98 (16.17%) | 102 (16.86%) | 127 (20.96%) | 18.46 | <0.05 |
compared with the low VAI group, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
compared with the medium VAI group, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). BMI is for body mass index, SBP is systolic blood pressure, DBP is for diastolic blood pressure, FBG is for fasting blood glucose, PBG is for postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c is for glycosylated hemoglobin, eGFR is for glomerular filtration rates, UA is for uric acid, UACR is for urinary albuminuria creatinine ratio, TC is for total cholesterol, TG is for triglycerides, LDL-C is for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C is for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, DKD is for diabetic kidney disease, WC is for waist circumference, HC is for hip circumference, BMI is for body mass index, WHR is for waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR is for waist-to-height ratio, VAI is for visceral adipose index, BRI is for body roundness index, C-index is for Conicity index, AVI is for abdominal volume index, ABSI is for a body shape index, CUN-BAE is for Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator, LAP is for lipid accumulation product.