Table 2. Accessible non-census datasets containing wider determinants of health in England.
| Category | Dataset name | Data source | Dataset description | Update frequency/dataset dates | Lowest geography |
| Demographic data | Bereavement benefits* | DWP1 | Payable to people widowed on or after 9th April 2001. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA |
| Bereavement support payment* | DWP1 | Payable to widows, widowers or surviving civil partners bereaved on or after 6th April 2017. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| Education | Attendance in schools | Department for Education | Daily data on attendance for each pupil on their registers. | Weekly – last 2023 | Post code |
| Higher education progression (TUNDRA) | Office for Students | Data on progression to higher education for cohorts in England. | 2012-2016 | LSOA | |
| Health/care | Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH)* | CDRC2 | Measure of ‘healthy’ neighbourhoods. Use four indicators: retail availability, health services, blue/green space, air quality. | 2022 | LSOA |
| GP practice registration | UK government | Monthly snapshot of people registered at GP practices. | 2022 | LSOA | |
| Carer’s allowance* | DWP1 | Paid to carers of severely disabled person for at least 35 hours a week. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| Attendance allowance* | DWP1 | Financial benefits for people over the age of 65 and severely disabled and require help with personal care or supervision. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| Personal Independence Payment* | DWP1 | Recipients require extra costs caused by long-term disability, ill-health or terminal ill-health. | Quarterly – last Oct 23 | OA | |
| Work and health programme* | DWP1 | Data on the Work and Health Programme (referrals, outcomes, first earnings) helping those with health issues to work. | Quarterly – last Nov 23 | OA | |
| Environment cont. | Spatial Signatures of Great Britain* | CDRC2 | Spatial signatures based on form and function to understand how urban environments look (form) and are used (function). | 2011 | LSOA |
| Multi-dimensional Open Data of Urban Morphology (MODUM)* | CDRC2 | Describes neighbourhoods based on built environment and urban morphology. | 2011 | LSOA | |
| Road Safety Data | UK government | Data on road safety – casualties, collisions, and e-scooter data. | 2022 | LSOA | |
| Local crime data | UK Police | All crimes by type and outcome, including stop and search information | 2021 | LSOA | |
| Fire and rescue incidents | UK government | Incidents and fires attended by fire and rescue services, fire-related fatalities, casualties, and response times. | 2023 | LSOA | |
| Housing | Dwelling ages and prices* | CDRC2 | Residential properties mapped, including dwelling age periods and house prices. | 2021 | LSOA |
| Council tax bands | UK government | Number of dwellings by Council Tax band3 and property attributes. | 2014 | LSOA | |
| Price Paid Data | UK government | Property sales in England and Wales – sold for value and lodged with HM Land Registry for registration. | Monthly – 2023 | Post code | |
| Housing benefit* | DWP1 | Housing Benefit paid to support part or all of a person’s rent for those on a low income.. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| Social/ community factors | Registered charities in the England and Wales | Charity Commission | List of all registered charities in the UK – registered address | Daily – 2023 | Post code |
| CDRC Residential Mobility Index* | CDRC2 | Households that have changed (residents moving in or out of area) between the beginning and the end of each year. | 2023 | LSOA | |
| Mid2020 Population EstimatesAlso at: Stat-Xplore – Home | ONS4 | Yearly mid-year population estimates stratified by age and sexStat-Xplore - Estimates of the usual resident population in UK. | Annually – 2020 | LSOA | |
| Mid-year population density | ONS4 | Yearly mid-year population density | 2020 | OA | |
| Socio-economic factors | Internet user classification* | CDRC2 | Internet User Classification (IUC), a bespoke classification that describes Internet use and engagement. | 2011 | LSOA |
| Consumer vulnerability* | CDRC2 | Consumer vulnerability - the risk that a consumer’s mental, physical, or financial welfare may be damaged by markets. | 2011 | LSOA | |
| Electric prepayment meters | DEFRA5 | Annual prepayment meter electricity statistics. | 2017 | Postcode | |
| Vehicle ownership | DEFRA5 | Number of licenced vehicles at small geography. | 2022 | LSOA | |
| Local Income Deprivation | ONS4 | Local income deprivation. | 2019 | LSOA | |
| Indices of Deprivation | MHC & L5 | Data on deprivation in England. | 2019 | OA | |
| Townsend scores | UK Data Service | Material deprivation calculated from four census variables. | 2017 | OA | |
| Sub-regional fuel poverty | UK government | Fuel poverty data measured as low income and low energy efficiency (LILEE). | 2020 | LSOA | |
| Work/ income | Personal tax credits | DEFRA5 | Geographical estimates of the number of families in receipt of tax credits as of 31 August 2020. | 2020 | LSOA |
| Children in income-deprived householdsAlso at: Stat-Xplore – Home | DEFRA5DWP1 | Tracking economic and child income deprivation at neighbourhood level in England: 1999 to 2009DWP information - children living in absolute low income | 1999-2009Annual – last 21/22 | LSOA | |
| Universal credit* | DWP1 | Universal credit claimants – claimants by year and quarter | 2016-2021 | OA | |
| Alternative claimants* | DWP1 | Number of people claiming unemployment-related benefits – modelled as if Universal Credit had been in place earlier. | 2022 | OA | |
| Incapacity benefit/severe disability allowance* | DWP1 | People incapable of work. Replaced by Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) below from October 2008. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| Employment and support allowance* | DWP1 | Income replacement benefit for people below state pension age. Financial support for those who are unable to work. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| Income Support* | DWP1 | Covers costs for people on low incomes who do not have to be available for employment. Replaced by Universal Credit (UC). | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| National insurance registrations* | DWP1 | People registering for a National Insurance Number in order to work or to claim benefits / tax credits. | Quarterly – last Dec 23 | OA | |
| Pension Credit* | DWP1 | Provided to pensioners at the lower end of the income scale and those people with modest provision for retirement. | Quarterly – last Aug 23 | OA | |
| State pension* | DWP1 | Data on individuals claiming UK state pension. | Quarterly – last May 23 | OA | |
| Child benefit receipt | UK government | Households in receipt of child benefit – anyone with a national insurance number and has at least 1 child | 2020 | LSOA |
A version containing full text weblinks can be found in Supplementary Table 1.
*-datasets which require registration of an email to access large data downloads, however, datasets are still freely accessible.
1-Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).
2-Consumer Data Research Centre (CDRC).
3-Council Tax Band is derived from property price on 1st April 1991 and property size. It determines the annual cost of local service payments to local government by residents.
4-Office for National Statistics.
5-Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
6-Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government.
7-National Online Manpower Information System (NOMIS).