Table 2.
Intent to Treat Analysis Comparing Cognitive Outcomes between Groups with the Same Training Assignment
| Cognitive Domain for the Cognitive Training Conducted | No-Contact Control Group (n=40) | Individualized-Targeted Cognitive Training (n=48) | Difference in Change | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Baseline | Posttest | Baseline | Posttest | Effect Size, Cohen's d | Test Statistic, t(df) | p-value | |||
| n | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Global Cognitive Score* | 40 | 7.18 (1.52) | 6.65 (1.86) | 48 | 7.48 (1.38) | 6.62 (1.39) | -0.21 | -1.14(86) | 0.2567 |
|
| |||||||||
| Speed of Processing* | 19 | 5.89 (1.1) | 5.63 (1.21) | 22 | 6.55 (1.3) | 5.18 (1.37) | -0.88 | -2.65(39) | 0.0117 |
| Attention* | 17 | 5.59 (0.62) | 4.24 (1.52) | 16 | 5.25 (0.58) | 3.38 (1.54) | -0.45 | -1.06(31) | 0.296 |
| Verbal Learning and Memory* | 9 | 5.44 (0.73) | 4.89 (2.09) | 15 | 6.07 (0.88) | 5.67 (1.88) | 0.1 | 0.19(22) | 0.8482 |
| Delayed Verbal Memory* | 10 | 5.6 (0.97) | 5.2 (2.3) | 13 | 6 (1.35) | 6.23 (2.28) | 0.35 | 0.71(21) | 0.4833 |
| Executive Function* | 5 | 5.2 (0.45) | 4.4 (1.82) | 4 | 5.25 (0.5) | 3.25 (1.89) | -0.89 | -0.99(7) | 0.3546 |
| Spatial Learning and Memory* | 8 | 6.25 (1.58) | 5.12 (2.17) | 8 | 5.88 (1.96) | 3.38 (2) | -0.71 | -1.54(14) | 0.1468 |
| Delayed Spatial Memory* | 5 | 5 (0) | 3.8 (2.17) | 8 | 6.75 (1.49) | 5 (2.14) | -0.32 | -0.48(11) | 0.6401 |
| Spatial Visualization* | 7 | 5.57 (0.79) | 4.57 (1.51) | 10 | 5.8 (1.14) | 4.7 (2.36) | -0.06 | -0.11(15) | 0.9102 |
Notes.
*
Lower scores indicate better functioning. Cognitive ratings range from: 1=above average; 2=average; 3=low average; 4=borderline; 5=definite mild impairment; 6=mild-to-moderate impairment; 7=moderate impairment; 8=moderate-to-severe impairment; 9=severe impairment. For comparison purposes, controls in this analysis were compared to treatment group as if they were assigned a similar hypothetical assignment.