. 2025 Mar 27;25:452. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12519-w

Table 4.

Mapping themes to six principles of trauma-informed care

Themes	Map to 6 principles of TIC
Agency and choice	Empowerment, Voice, & Choice
Agency and choice	Collaboration and Mutuality
Emphasis on maternal and child health and wellbeing	Safety
Emphasis on maternal and child health and wellbeing	Empowerment, Voice, & Choice
Familiar and Experienced	Trustworthiness and transparency
Familiar and Experienced	Collaboration and Mutuality
Personally Engaging	Collaboration and Mutuality
Emotionally safe and supportive	Collaboration and Mutuality
	Safety
	Cultural, historical and gender issues
Universal and personalized provision of information and resources	Trustworthiness and Transparency
	Empowerment, Voice, & Choice Safety
Variable value for addressing trauma	Collaboration and Mutuality
	Cultural, historical and gender issues
	Trustworthiness and Transparency
Variable approaches to asking about trauma	Collaboration and Mutuality
Variable approaches to asking about trauma	Safety
Sensitive and empathetic inquiry and response	Safety
Concordant Care	Trustworthiness and Transparency Peer support
Concordant Care	Cultural, historical and gender issues