Table 3.
Characteristics of the entire population grouped according to the identified thresholds for a risk of DR
| Group | Low SUA | High SUA | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| SUA range (median) | 100.0-354.1 (280.1) | 354.1–986.0 (408.7) | |
| Number of subjects | 650 | 365 | |
| Male (%) | 317 (48.8) | 272 (74.5) | < 0.001 |
| Age (year) | 60.0 (13.0) | 58.0 (15.0) | 0.002 |
| Duration (months) | 124.0 (97.0) | 122.0 (85) | 0.101 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.20 (4.40) | 25.20 (4.11) | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.0 (22.0) | 130.0 (21.0) | 0.002 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.0 (12.0) | 78.0 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.50 (2.05) | 5.70 (2.47) | 0.001 |
| Scr (µmol/L) | 54.6 (19.12) | 66.7 (20.8) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 102.44 (15.45) | 97.69 (18.91) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.79 (1.71) | 4.86 (1.65) | 0.167 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.38 (0.90) | 1.72 (1.30) | < 0.001 |
| HDL - c (mmol/L) | 1.09 (0.41) | 0.98 (0.30) | < 0.001 |
| LDL - c (mmol/L) | 2.72 (1.35) | 2.86 (1.30) | 0.068 |
| ALB (g/L) | 44.10 (6.02) | 45.30 (5.90) | 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.00 (2.40) | 7.70 (2.30) | 0.014 |
| Glycated albumin | 20.96 (8.74) | 19.25 (7.60) | < 0.001 |
| 0 h - PG (mmol/L) | 8.10 (3.42) | 7.71 (2.95) | 0.132 |
| 1 h - PG (mmol/L) | 13.31 (6.17) | 12.85 (4.91) | 0.481 |
| 2 h - PG (mmol/L) | 14.01 (7.46) | 13.49 (6.22) | 0.326 |
| DR | 169 (26.0) | 125 (34.2) | 0.005 |
| NDR | 481 (74.0) | 240 (65.8) | 0.086 |
| Non-VTDR | 143 (22.0) | 98 (26.8) | 0.299 |
| VTDR | 26 (4.0) | 27 (7.4) | 0.015 |
| CKD | 192 (29.5) | 144 (39.5) | 0.001 |
| CKD1 (%) | 146 (22.5) | 96 (26.3) | 0.205 |
| CKD2 (%) | 26 (4.0) | 32 (8.8) | 0.003 |
| CKD3 (%) | 12 (1.8) | 13 (3.6) | 0.091 |
| Previous history | |||
| Hypertension | 300 (46.2) | 197 (54.0) | 0.021 |
| Smoking | 139 (21.4) | 133 (36.4) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol use | 181 (27.8) | 146 (40.0) | < 0.001 |
SUA: Serum Uric Acid; BMI: Body Mass Index; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen; Scr: Serum Creatinine; eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; TC: Total Cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-c: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-c: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; ALB: Albumin; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; PG: Plasma Glucose; DR: Diabetic Retinopathy; NDR: Non-Diabetic Retinopathy; VTDR: Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; CKD1: Stage 1 CKD; CKD2: Stage 2 CKD; CKD3: Stage 3 CKD