Table 2.

Overview of HRV in Lower Respiratory Infections (LRI) Within Community and Primary Care Settings

Community/primary care studies highlighting prevalence of HRV LRI to LRI caused by other viruses
Authors/year	Patient population	HRV % Detection in RVIs and rank	% of Other common RVIs	Key points
Vos et al. [122]	Adults with acute cough/LRI,	39.7% HRV (Most common virus)	Influenza (13.6%), RSV (9.5%)	HRV associated with more severe symptoms particularly severe wheezing vs virus negative LRI
Ieven et al. [118]	Adults with LRI	20.4% HRV (Most common virus)	Influenza (9.9%), Coronavirus (7.4%)	HRV detected 14.2% of adult pneumonia cases in primary care
Falsey et al. [123]	Elderly adults (≥ 65 years) with moderate-to-severe ILI	25.6% HRV (2.nd most common virus)	Influenza A (18.7%), RSV (7.4%)	14.6% of adults over 65 with HRV LRI ultimately required hospitalisation

Community/primary care studies specific HRV LRI
Authors/year	Patient population	% HRV detected in all LRI	HRV Species data (symptomatic patients)	Common comorbidities
Zlateva et al. [61]	Adults with acute cough/LRI	19%	HRV-A (68%), HRV-B (12%), HRV-C (20%)	Asthma (12%), COPD (7%), Allergic diseases (23%), Cardiac disease (8%), Diabetes (6%)
Zlateva et al. [98]	Adults with acute cough/LRI	18%	HRV-A (51%), HRV-C (7%), HRV-C (42%)	COPD (29%), Asthma (24%), Allergic disease (29%), Cardiovascular disease (8%)

This table summarises studies investigating HRV in adults with LRI in community and primary care settings. Comparative studies outline HRV detection rates, its rank among respiratory viruses (RVIs), and key insights into clinical presentations. HRV-specific studies highlight species prevalence and associated comorbidities in symptomatic adults

Abbreviations: HRV human rhinovirus, LRI lower respiratory infection, RVI respiratory viral infection, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, ILI influenza-like illness, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease