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. 2025 Mar 28;26(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02004-4

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The clusters and ROI-level regions with changes of ALFF after ASD compared to baseline in MWoA individuals. The clusters of ALFF changes after ASD compared to baseline were mainly distributed in thalamus and cerebellum (A). Additionally, ASD caused significant ALFF changes in 64 brain regions (B-C), including the right medial pulvinar of thalamus, right lateral pulvinar of thalamus, right posterolateral nucleus of thalamus, left lobule III of cerebellar hemisphere. The colour bar represents the T values. Abbreviations: ROI region of interest, ALFF Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, ASD Acute sleep deprivation, MWoA Migraine without aura