Table 2. Association between sociodemographic characteristics, sleep parameters, and depression status among adults in Perambalur, Tamil Nadu: a comparative analysis (n=650).
*Represented in mean ± SD, and an independent T-test was used.
#The chi-square test was used.
Statistically significant when the p-value was less than 0.05.
| Variables | No Depression | Depression | Chi-square value | p-value | |
| Age in years* | 38.38 ± 13.99 | 31.86 ± 14.88 | <0.001 | ||
| Gender | Male | 235 (61.7) | 146 (38.3) | 2.287 | 0.130 |
| Female | 150 (55.8) | 119 (44.2) | |||
| Education | Higher Education | 279 (57.5) | 204 (42.5) | 4.784 | 0.091 |
| School Education | 76 (68.5) | 35 (31.5) | |||
| No formal Education | 33 (55.9) | 26 (44.1) | |||
| Occupation | Organized Work | 149 (67.1) | 73 (32.9) | 55.044 | <0.001# |
| Unorganized Work | 134 (74.0) | 47 (26.0) | |||
| Unemployed | 102 (59.2) | 145 (58.7) | |||
| Region | Rural | 179 (65.4) | 93 (34.6) | 7.298 | 0.007# |
| Urban | 209 (54.9) | 172 (45.1) | |||
| Number of family members | ≤ 3 | 99 (54.7) | 82 (45.3) | 2.154 | 0.341 |
| 4-5 | 262 (61.1) | 167 (38.9) | |||
| >5 | 24 (60) | 16 (40) | |||
| Not able to sleep within 30 minutes | Yes | 20 (20) | 80 (80) | 75.322 | <0.001# |
| No | 365 (66.4) | 185 (33.6) | |||
| Wake in the Middle of the Night | Yes | 22 (21.6) | 80 (78.4) | 71.066 | <0.001# |
| No | 363 (66.2) | 185 (33.8) | |||
| Wake up due to bad dreams | Yes | 9 (13.2) | 59 (86.8) | 66.535 | <0.001# |
| No | 376 (64.6) | 206 (35.4) | |||
| Using self-medication for sleep | Yes | 5 (14.7) | 29 (85.3) | 29.454 | <0.001# |
| No | 380 (61.7) | 236 (38.3) | |||
| Enthusiasm | Yes | 376 (64.5) | 207 (35.5) | 64.883 | <0.001# |
| No | 9 (13.4) | 58 (86.6) | |||