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. 2025 Mar 17;12:1545100. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1545100

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© 2025 Meng, Chen and Ko.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Non-linear relationships between cystatin-C (Cys-C) (A) and monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) (B) with AHI severity assessed by restricted cubic spline. The red lines represent the estimated effects, while the shaded areas denote the 95% confidence interval. Vertical lines indicate the threshold values for Cys-C (0.729) and MHR (0.577). The analysis revealed no significant non-linear relationships between these biomarkers and AHI severity.