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. 2025 Mar 29;15(3):e093064. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093064

Table 3. Socio-demographic determinants of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6–23 months.

Sociodemographic variables Minimum dietary diversity Minimum meal frequency Minimum acceptable diet
N (%) Estimate (95% CI) N (%) Estimate (95% CI) N (%) Estimate (95% CI)
Age of the children
 6–11 months 20 (12.7) 1 49 (31.0) 1 16 (10.1) 1
 12–17 months 42 (35.6) 2.38 (1.51, 3.75)** 75 (63.6) 1.92 (1.47, 2.50)*** 37 (31.4) 2.85 (1.69, 4.80)***
 18–23 months 42 (34.7) 2.55 (1.62, 4.02)*** 62 (51.2) 1.56 (1.17, 2.08)** 38 (31.4) 2.69 (1.61, 4.51)***
Sex of the children
 Male 56 (28.1) – 86 (43.2) 1 50 (25.1) –
 Female 48 (24.2) 100 (50.5) 1.17 (0.96, 1.43) 41 (20.7)
Mother’s age (years)
 15–19 13 (19.4) 25 (37.3) 1 8 (11.9) 1
 20–30 84 (28.2) – 147 (49.3) 1.46 (1.08, 1.97)* 74 (24.8) 2.08 (1.05, 4.13)*
 31–45 7 (21.9) 14 (43.8) 1.29 (0.78, 2.12) 9 (28.1) 2.39 (1.02, 5.57)*
Mother’s education
 Primary and below 38 (16.6) 1 91 (39.7) 1 40 (17.5) 1
 Secondary or higher 66 (39.3) 1.93 (1.35, 2.76)** 95 (56.5) 1.27 (1.03, 1.56)* 51 (30.4) 1.41 (0.97, 2.05)
Mother’s occupation
 Homemaker 92 (27.2) – 160 (47.3) – 83 (24.6) 1.42 (0.73, 2.75)
 Service holder 12 (20.3) 26 (44.1) 8 (13.6) 1
Mother’s nutritional status
 Underweight 14 (27.5) 1 20 (39.2) 11 (21.6) 1
 Normal 52 (23.1) 1.00 (0.64, 1.55) 107 (47.6) – 45 (20.0) 0.90 (0.52, 1.56)
 Overweight 38 (31.4) 1.28 (0.81, 2.03) 59 (48.8) 35 (28.9) 1.16 (0.66, 2.05)
Father’s occupation
 Labourer 43 (19.5) 1 94 (42.7) 1 35 (15.9) 1
 Businessmen/service holder 61 (34.5) 1.32 (0.95, 1.83) 92 (52.0) 1.02 (0.82, 1.26) 56 (31.6) 1.43 (0.96, 2.14)
Household size
 ≤4 76 (27.5) – 135 (48.9) 1 68 (24.6) 1
 ≥5 28 (23.1) 51 (42.1) 0.96 (0.76, 1.21) 23 (19.0) 0.94 (0.62, 1.42)
Household income
 Low 33 (16.3) 1 77 (38.1) 1 29 (14.4) 1
 High 71 (36.4) 1.57 (1.07, 2.30)* 109 (55.9) 1.30 (1.03, 1.65)* 62 (31.8) 1.73 (1.14, 2.64)*
Household food insecurity
 Food secured 35 (47.9) 1 46 (63.0) 1 26 (35.6) 1
 Food insecure 69 (21.3) 0.78 (0.55, 1.11) 140 (43.2) 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) 65 (20.1) 0.91 (0.60, 1.73)
Maternal pregnancy complications
 Yes 17 (19.1) 1 45 (50.6) – 15 (16.9) 1
 No 87 (28.2) 1.67 (1.09, 2.55)* 141 (45.8) 76 (24.7) 1.70 (1.04, 2.77)*
*

significant at p<0.05, **significant at p<0.01, ***significant at p<0.001.