Table 2.
Primary Outcome
| Study Population | Incidence of Rebound Pain Within 12 hours, No./Total (%) | RR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo Group | S-Ketamine Group | |||
| ITT (n=356)a | ||||
| Model 1c | 62/178 (34.8%) | 38/178 (21.3%) | 0.61 (0.43, 0.87) | 0.006 |
| Model 2d | 62/178 (34.8%) | 38/178 (21.3%) | 0.63 (0.44, 0.89) | 0.009 |
| Model 3e | 62/178 (34.8%) | 38/178 (21.3%) | 0.62 (0.44, 0.88) | 0.008 |
| PP (n=346)b | ||||
| Model 1c | 58/174 (33.3%) | 37/172 (21.5%) | 0.65 (0.45, 0.92) | 0.015 |
| Model 2d | 58/174 (33.3%) | 37/172 (21.5%) | 0.66 (0.46, 0.94) | 0.020 |
| Model 3e | 58/174 (33.3%) | 37/172 (21.5%) | 0.65 (0.45, 0.93) | 0.017 |
Notes: The data is displayed as the number of occurrences out of the total, expressed as a percentage. aITT set included all patients who underwent randomization regardless of their intervention. bThe PP analysis set excludes subjects who did not meet our eligibility criteria or had incomplete adherence to the trial medication. cNo adjustment for potential confounders. dAdjustments were made for gender, age, BMI, ASA class, complications, long-term analgesic use, and baseline pain score. eAdjustments were made for gender, age, BMI, ASA class, complications, long-term analgesic use, baseline pain score, operation time, tourniquet use time, utilization of steroids, administration of rescue analgesia during surgery, and midazolam.
Abbreviations: ITT, intention-to-treat; PP, per-protocol; RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval.