Table 4.
Harms
| Variables | Placebo Group (n=178) | S-Ketamine Group (n=178) | RR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea and vomiting | 32 (18%) | 34 (19%) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.64) | 0.785 |
| Respiratory depression | 2 (1.1%) | 2 (1.1%) | 1.00 (0.14, 7.02) | >0.999 |
| Hypertension | 8 (4.5%) | 15 (8.4%) | 1.88 (0.82, 4.31) | 0.131 |
| Hypotension | 2 (1.1%) | 3 (1.7%) | 1.50 (0.25, 8.87) | >0.999 |
| Tachycardia | 3 (1.7%) | 4 (2.2%) | 1.33 (0.30, 5.87) | >0.999 |
| Bradycardia | 2 (1.1%) | 7 (3.9%) | 7.00 (0.73, 16.62) | 0.177 |
| Deliriuma | 8 (4.5%) | 10 (5.6%) | 1.25 (0.51, 3.01) | 0.629 |
| Nightmare | 3 (1.7%) | 6 (3.4%) | 2.00 (0.51, 7.87) | 0.311 |
| Agitationb | 2 (1.1%) | 3 (1.7%) | 1.50 (0.25, 8.87) | >0.999 |
| Hallucinationc | 0 | 11 (6.2%) | NE | 0.001 |
| Nerve injury | 0 | 0 | NE | NE |
| Wound infection | 0 | 0 | NE | NE |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.50 (0.05, 5.47) | >0.999 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0 | 0 | NE | NE |
Notes: Data is presented as the number of cases (percentage). aDelirium was diagnosed using the Chinese version of the 3D-CAM. The 3D-CAM identifies delirium through a diagnostic algorithm based on the four essential features of delirium: (A) acute changes or fluctuations in mental status; (B) inattention; (C) disorganized thinking; and (D) altered level of consciousness. Diagnosis of delirium requires criteria A and B and either or both criteria C and D. bAgitation was diagnosed using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS), with a score of 5 or higher indicating agitation. cHallucinations encompass auditory, visual, and somatic hallucinations.
Abbreviation: NE, not estimable.