Table 1.
Demographics in the study population.
| Demographics | Total Population (n=491,962) | Cases (DED) (n=134,249) | Controls (No DED) (n=357,713) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 67.82 ± 14.48 | 72.36 ± 11.09 | 66.13 ± 15.21 | 1.05 (1.04–1.05) | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 441,567 (91.1) | 116,493 (88.6) | 325,074 (92.0) | 2.37 (2.31–2.42) | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Ancestry, n (%), EUR | 352,392 (71.8) | 87,444 (66.3) | 258,228 (73.8) | - | - |
| AFR | 89,069 (18.4) | 30,734 (23.2) | 58,335 (16.7) | 1.97 (1.94–2.01) | <0.001 |
| AMR | 44,804 (8.7) | 12,940 (9.3) | 31,864 (8.5) | 1.79 (1.75–1.83) | <0.001 |
| EAS | 5,293 (1.0) | 1,519 (1.1) | 3,774 (1.0) | 1.83 (1.71–1.95) | <0.001 |
| SAS | 284 (0.1) | 93 (0.1) | 191 (0.1) | 3.36 (2.59–4.35) | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Body Mass Index, mean ± SD | 29.67 ± 5.79 | 30.30 ± 5.95 | 29.43 ± 5.72 | 1.04 (1.04–1.04) | <0.001 |
|
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| Smoking status, n (%), Never | 129,539 (26.7) | 35,112 (26.7) | 94,427 (26.7) | - | - |
| Current | 121,867 (25.1) | 30,071 (22.9) | 91,796 (26.0) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | <0.001 |
| Prior | 205,942 (42.5) | 64,761 (49.2) | 141,181 (40.0) | 1.16 (1.14–1.18) | <0.001 |
Odds ratios and p-values (two-tailed, unadjusted) from multivariate logistic regression models are provided. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and genetic ancestry. For categorical variables, a dash indicates the reference level. N: sample size; DED: dry eye disease; CI: 95% confidence interval; SD: standard deviation; EUR: European ancestry; AFR: African ancestry; AMR: American (Hispanic/Latino) ancestry; EAS: East Asian ancestry; SAS: South Asian ancestry.