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. 2025 Mar 18;15:1430761. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1430761

Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate analyses for OS.

Variable Hazard ratio 95% CI P value
Univariate analysis
 Age (≥65/<65) 0.707 0.406-1.229 0.219
 Sex (male/female) 1.222 0.690-2.162 0.492
 NRS 2002 scale (<3/≥3) 0.709 0.172-2.919 0.634
 PG-SGA category (B/C) 0.956 0.346-2.643 0.930
 PNI (≥45/<45) 0.806 0.443-1.469 0.482
 PLR (≥162/<162) 1.166 0.659-2.065 0.598
 NLR (≥2.5/<2.5) 0.833 0.491-1.411 0.497
 Overall QOL (improved or stable/ decreased) 0.423 0.179-0.999 0.050
 Treatment selection (LGJ/ES) 6.165 3.293-11.542 <0.001
Multivariate analysis
 Age (≥65/<65) 1.111 0.613-2.015 0.728
 PNI (≥45/<45) 1.259 0.688-2.304 0.455
 PLR (≥162/<162) 0.675 0.352-1.296 0.238
 NLR (≥2.5/<2.5) 1.247 0.711-2.189 0.441
 Overall QOL (improved or stable/ decreased) 1.018 0.369-2.805 0.973
 Treatment selection (LGJ/ES) 6.362 3.285-12.321 <0.001

OS, Overall survival; NRS 2002, Nutrition Risk Screening 2002; PG-SGA, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment; PNI, Prognostic Nutritional Index; PLR, Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; NLR, Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; QOL, Quality of life.