Table 3.
Lung cancer hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for men and women by categories of cumulative exposure (mg/m3-years), average exposure (mg/m3), and duration of employment (decades), all controlling for smoking; and smoking status.
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | HR (95% CI) | Observed | HR (95% CI) | |
| Cumulative exposure | ||||
| ≤0.5 | 45 | Reference | 27 | Reference |
| >0.5–1.0 | 25 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 22 | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) |
| >1.0–1.5 | 18 | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 7 | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
| >1.5–3.0 | 35 | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 16 | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) |
| >3–4 | 13 | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) | 8 | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) |
| >4–5 | 10 | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 4 | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) |
| >5–6 | 14 | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 2 | 0.5 (0.1–2.0) |
| >6 | 34 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 4 | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) |
| Average exposure‡ | ||||
| ≤0.05 | 85 | Reference | 58 | Reference |
| >0.05–0.1 | 44 | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 13 | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) |
| >0.1–0.15 | 15 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 13 | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) |
| >0.15–0.2 | 28 | 2.2 (1.4–3.6) | 5 | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) |
| >0.2 | 22 | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1 | 0.4 (0.1–2.7) |
| Years employed | ||||
| ≤10 | 25 | Reference | 14 | Reference |
| >10–20 | 36 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 23 | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) |
| >20–30 | 42 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 25 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) |
| >30 | 91 | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 28 | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 5 | Reference | 16 | Reference |
| Ever | 120 | 17.9 (7.3–43.7) | 44 | 6.1 (3.4–10.9) |
| Unknown | 69 | 7.5 (3.0–18.6) | 30 | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) |
Age was used as the time variable. ‡Additionally adjusted for duration of employment.