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. 2025 Mar 31;25:466. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-06848-x

Table 2.

Summary of learning opportunities as perceived by students in clinics and hospitals

Learning Opportunities were (1 = Strongly Disagree; 6 = Strongly Agree): N Clinic Mean Hospital Mean t df p-Value Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval
Diverse enough to learn from different cases 130 3.91 4.00 -0.362 128 0.718 -0.091 0.251 -0.588, 0.406
Too diverse, not allowing proficiency 130 2.73 2.57 0.612 128 0.542 0.154 0.252 -0.344, 0.652
Chance to develop proficiency through repeated practice 130 4.18 3.97 0.896 128 0.372 0.208 0.233 -0.252, 0.669
Too repetitive without new learning opportunities 130 3.40 3.13 0.922 128 0.358 0.267 0.289 -0.306, 0.839
Increased independence in patient care 130 4.40 4.24 0.696 128 0.488 0.160 0.230 -0.295, 0.615
Improved communication with doctors 129 4.30 4.27 0.118 127 0.906 0.030 0.250 -0.466, 0.525
Improved communication with healthcare providers 130 4.36 4.17 0.720 128 0.473 0.190 0.264 -0.332, 0.713
Improved communication with patients 127 4.75 4.64 0.532 125 0.596 0.120 0.225 -0.325, 0.564
Participation in history-taking 129 4.51 4.45 0.267 127 0.790 0.063 0.236 -0.405, 0.531
Participation in physical exams 127 4.55 4.55 -0.030 125 0.976 -0.007 0.226 -0.454, 0.441
Participation in assessment and clinical decision-making 128 4.28 4.25 0.125 126 0.900 0.030 0.237 -0.438, 0.498
Participation in documentation 125 4.06 4.13 -0.247 123 0.806 -0.068 0.277 -0.617, 0.480
Participation in patient education 127 4.38 3.96 1.715 125 0.089 0.418 0.244 -0.064, 0.900