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. 2025 Mar 19;13:1533284. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1533284

Table 2.

Hierarchical OLS regression models of the estimate of the association between meeting PA guidelines and health-related quality of life.

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6
Variable B (SE) B (SE) B (SE) B (SE) B (SE) B (SE)
Physical activity −1.57 (0.14)*** −0.505 (0.148)*** −0.298 (0.132)* 0.719 (0.363)* 3.010 (0.467)*** 0.195 (0.321)
Age 0.058 (0.004)*** 0.040 (0.005)*** 0.039 (0.005)*** 0.145 (0.015)*** 0.039 (0.005)***
Sex (ref: male)
Female 1.244 (0.110)*** 0.757 (0.106)*** 1.835 (0.374)*** 0.757 (0.101)*** 0.762 (0.106)***
Residential type (ref: rural)
Urban 0.019 (0.096) 0.020 (0.096) −0.006 (0.092) 0.599 (0.358)
Household size −0.016 (0.022) −0.016 (0.021) 0.030 (0.021) −0.013 (0.021)
Years of education −0.043 (0.013)** −0.039 (0.012)** −0.040 (0.012)*** −0.043 (0.012)***
Employment (ref: unemployed)
Employed 0.078 (0.093) 0.095 (0.093) 0.078 (0.089) 0.071 (0.093)
Sleep quality 0.268 (0.080)*** 0.266 (0.079)*** 0.255 (0.076)*** 0.272 (0.079)***
Economic status −0.437 (0.081)*** −0.431 (0.080)*** −0.361 (0.078)*** −0.433 (0.081)***
NHIS 0.113 (0.110) 0.115 (0.109) 0.066 (0.105) 0.110 (0.110)
Social networks −0.027 (0.008)*** −0.025 (0.008)** −0.026 (0.008)*** −0.027 (0.008)***
Alcohol status 0.150 (0.169) 0.179 (0.167) 0.293 (0.162) 0.166 (0.168)
Financial hardship 0.075 (0.025)** 0.079 (0.025)** 0.080 (0.024)*** 0.074 (0.025)**
Depressive symptoms 0.006 (0.017) 0.003 (0.017) 0.012 (0.016) 0.005 (0.017)
Chronic conditions 0.354 (0.044)*** 0.369 (0.044)*** 0.318 (0.043)*** 0.355 (0.044)***
Anxiety symptoms 0.004 (0.018) 0.007 (0.018) 0.003 (0.017) 0.002 (0.018)
Physical activity × sex −0.619 (0.206)**
Physical activity × age −0.062 (0.008)***
Physical activity × residence −0.332 (0.198)
Model information
Constant 10.05 (0.25)*** 3.50 (0.453)*** 4.416 (0.646)*** 2.57 (0.88)** −1.925 (1.060) 3.571 (0.818)***
Adjusted pseudo R2 0.167 0.43 0.599 0.605 0.632 0.601
F-statistic 126.69 157.91 55.443 56.80 63.590 55.87

B, Unstandardized regression coefficient; SE, robust standard error; NHIS, National health insurance scheme.

Model 1 Unadjusted model.

Model 2 included Model 1 and adjusted for age and sex.

Model 3 included Model 2 and further adjusted for alcohol, residence, employment, household size, living arrangement, NHIS, education, social network, age, sleep quality, depression, financial hardship, economic status, sex, chronic conditions and anxiety.

Model 4 included Model 3 and the interaction term, PA × sex.

Model 5 included Model 3 and the interaction term, PA × age.

Model 6 included Model 3 and the interaction term, PA × residential status.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.