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. 2025 Mar 19;15:1494665. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1494665

Table 2.

Descriptions of the translation process.

Language Forward translation Expert panel Back translation Pilot study
1 French 1 translator 1 translator
2 Chinese 1 translator 1 translator
3 Spanish a bilingual group expert in psychology 1 bilingual psychologist
4 Turkish 3 independent graduate clinical psychology students 2 psychology professors 1 translator
5 Persian 2 bilingual psychologists 1 bilingual psychologists
6 Japanese
7 Brazilian 2 translators 3 psychologists 2 translators +
8 Arabic
9 Indonesian 2 translators 1 professor and 2 doctors of Psychology 1 translator +
10 Australian
11 Urdu 2 bilingual clinical psychologists 4 bilingual clinical psychologists 2 bilingual clinical psychologists
12 Bangladeshi + 6 translators + +