Table 4.

Summary of studies included in review – orthography-based vocabulary intervention approach.

Study	Participants	Intervention	Design	Dosage	Delivery	Outcome measures	Results	Follow-up	JBI quality rating*
Best (2005), UK	2 males and 3 females, with pre-identified mixed profiles of language/learning needs (age 6;10- 10;7)	Child introduced to digital aid to independently sound out initial letter of target words + Regular specialized language/learning input (specifics unclear)	Pre-post comparison	6 × 60 min sessions once a week for 6 weeks Total duration: 360 min/6 h 27–30 target words, multiple presentations	Provider: University SLT Mode: Combined digital & face-to-face individual sessions. Regular updates to child's SLT & teaching staff Location: Setting unknown	1. Individual pre-post comparison using a researcher-created picture-naming test of target words to assess expressive vocabulary 2. Individual pre-post comparison using the standardized Word Finding Vocabulary Test (Renfrew, 1995) to test expressive vocabulary of single words and Test of Word Finding in Discourse (German, 1991) to assess expressive vocabulary in sentences 3. Individual pre-post comparison using the standardized British Picture Vocabulary Scales (BPVS, Dunn et al., 1982) to assess receptive vocabulary 4. Pre-post comparison of group average percentage score for literacy (reading) & numeracy using child, parent, teacher & therapist completed visual scale “views questionnaire”	1. Picture naming •Significant gain for target words (p < 0.025 for all children) •No significant changes for control words 2. Standardized test of expressive vocabulary. Significant gain for 2 out of 5 children 3. Standardized test of receptive vocabulary. No significant change 4. Literacy (reading) & numeracy. No significant change in numeracy score from pre-test (51%) to post-test (51%) or reading score from pre-test (56%) to post-test (63%) Effect sizes not reported	Loss in gains at 6-month follow up	Low quality

^*Based on JBI quality appraisal rating (see Appendix A).