Effects of drugs on vesicle formation of E. multilocularis after 14 days of in vitro cultivation. 1, control, no drug; 2, 100 μg/ml clarithromycin; 3, 33 μg/ml clarithromycin; 4, 10 μg/ml clarithromycin; 5, hygromycin (100 μg/ml); 6, mebendazole (10 μg/ml). The mean values of the numbers of vesicles per well and the standard deviations are shown; experiments were done in quadruplicate and were repeated three times (twice with the two lower concentrations of clarithromycin). The results for all treatments were statistically significantly lower (P < 0.01, t test based on log + 1 transformed data) than those for the control treatment.