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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 24.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2025 Jan 24;51(1):127–136. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2025.2450416

Table 1.

Participant Characteristics

Participant Characteristic n (%)
Gender
 Male 195 (62.1)
 Female 112 (35.7)
 Transgender/Non-Binary 3 (1.0)
 Prefer not to say 4 (1.36)
Race/Ethnicity
 White 222 (70.7)
 Black/African American 48 (15.3)
 American Indian/Alaska Native 9 (2.9)
 Asian 15 (4.8)
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 2 (0.6)
 Hispanic/Latinx 17 (5.4)
 Other 1 (0.3)
Sexual Orientation
 Heterosexual (Straight) 238 (75.8)
 Homosexual (Gay) 20 (6.4)
 Bisexual 46 (14.6)
 Other 2 (0.6)
 Prefer not to say 8 (2.5)
Education
 High School Graduate/GED 258 (82.2)
 Some College, No Degree 40 (12.7)
 Completed College (at least an associate degree) 16 (5.1)
Income
 <$10,000 12 (3.8)
 $10,000-$50,000 133 (42.4)
 $50,000-$100,000 137 (43.6)
 $100,000-$150,000 or more 32 (10.2)
Know/Have Experience with someone with a SUD
 Yes 204 (65.0)
 No 109 (34.7)
 Prefer not to say 1 (0.3)
History of Illicit Substance Use
 Yes 156 (49.7)
 No 158 (50.3)