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. 2025 Apr 2;25:1224. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21813-5

Table 2.

Inequities in parental CPS contact among First Nations and non-First Nations birthing persons, 1998–2019

Total N = 119,883 Level of CPS contact
Ever had a CPS File open for child(ren) Ever had child(ren) in out-of-home placement Ever had termination of parental rights
Yes
n = 20,475
No
n = 99,408
RD
(95% CI)
RR
(95% CI)
Yes
n = 8638
No
n = 111,245
RD
(95% CI)
RR
(95% CI)
Yes
n = 3222
No
n = 116,661
RD
(95% CI)
RR
(95% CI)
n (% of N) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
First Nations birthing persons 13,171 (11.0) 6531 (31.9) 6640 (6.7) 36.52 (36.50, 36.54) 3.80 (3.71, 3.88) 3609 (41.8) 9562 (8.6) 22.69 (22.67, 22.70) 5.81 (5.59, 6.04) 1259 (39.1) 11,912 (10.2) 7.72 (7.71, 7.73 5.20 (4.85, 5.56)
Non-First Nations birthing persons* 106,712 (89.0) 13,944 (68.1) 92,768 (93.3) 1.00 (ref.) 1.00 (ref.) 5029 (58.2) 101,683 (91.4) 1.00 (ref.) 1.00 (ref.) 1963 (60.9) 104,749 (89.8) 1.00 (ref.) 1.00 (ref.)

*includes non-Status First Nations, Metis, Inuit, and non-Indigenous birthing persons

RD, rate difference

RR, rate ratio

CI, confidence interval