Table 4.
Blood Glucose and Systolic Blood Pressure by Clinic Site, Genetic Background Similarity, Admixture, and SES[Note]
|
Mean Blood Glucose (95% CI)[mg/dl] |
Mean Systolic BloodPressure (95% CI)[mm Hg] |
||||
| BiodemographicCharacteristic | N | Minimally Adjusted | Fully Adjusted | Minimally Adjusted | Fully Adjusted |
| Clinical centera: | |||||
| Winston-Salem | 299 | 114 (111–117) | 114 (111–117) | 141 (138–143) | 141 (138–143) |
| Sacramento | 213 | 109 (106–112) | 110 (106–114) | 146 (143–149) | 145 (142–148) |
| Pittsburgh | 285 | 114 (111–116) | 113 (110–116) | 140 (138–143) | 141 (138–143) |
| Genetic similarityb: | |||||
| Cluster 1 | 467 | 114 (111–116) | 114 (112–117) | 141 (139–143) | 141 (139–144) |
| Cluster 2 | 32 | 105 (97–114) | 105 (97–114) | 144 (137–152) | 144 (136–152) |
| Cluster 3 | 74 | 107 (101–113) | 108 (102–114) | 142 (136–147) | 141 (136–147) |
| Cluster 4 | 234 | 112 (109–115) | 111 (108–115) | 142 (140–145) | 142 (139–145) |
| Genetic ancestryc: | |||||
| 0% African (estimated) | 102 (96–108) | 104 (98–111) | 139 (133–145) | 138 (132–144) | |
| 100% African (estimated) | 116 (113–119) | 116 (112–119) | 143 (140–145) | 143 (141–146) | |
| Educationd: | |||||
| None–grade 9 | 237 | 116 (112–119) | 114 (111–117) | 140 (138–143) | 140 (139–143) |
| High school | 294 | 110 (107–113) | 112 (111–114) | 142 (140–143) | 142 (140–143) |
| Professional/vocational | 274 | 111 (108–114) | 111 (108–114) | 143 (141–145) | 143 (140–145) |
| Annual incomee: | |||||
| <$8,000 | 285 | 115 (112–118) | 114 (111–117) | 143 (140–145) | 143 (140–145) |
| $8,000–$35,000 | 398 | 111 (109–114) | 112 (110–114) | 142 (140–143) | 141 (140–143) |
| >$35,000 | 77 | 109 (103–115) | 110 (105–114) | 141 (137–144) | 140 (136–144) |
| Occupation typef: | |||||
| White collar | 300 | 111 (108–114) | 112 (109–115) | 142 (139–144) | 142 (139–144) |
| Blue collar | 232 | 111 (108–115) | 110 (107–114) | 139 (136–142) | 140 (137–143) |
| Housewife/other | 275 | 114 (111–118) | 115 (111–118) | 144 (141–146) | 144 (141–146) |
Note.— Likelihood-ratio tests of association were performed by multiple linear regression of each phenotypic trait on biodemographic characteristics. Minimally adjusted models were adjusted for age, sex, and any clinically relevant covariates, as described in the “Methods” section. Fully adjusted models additionally contained variables for remaining biodemographic characteristics. In the footnotes below, P values in bold italics are less than the nominal significance level of 5% adjusted for the number of traits assessed (n=8; P<.00625).
For measurements by clinical center, the minimally adjusted P value was .05 and the fully adjusted P value was .25 for blood glucose, and the minimally adjusted P value was .005 and the fully adjusted P value was .04 for systolic blood pressure.
For measurements by genetic similarity, the minimally adjusted P value was .06 and the fully adjusted P value was .09 for blood glucose, and the minimally adjusted P value was .86 and the fully adjusted P value was .90 for systolic blood pressure.
For measurements by genetic ancestry, the minimally adjusted P value was .002 and the fully adjusted P value was .01 for blood glucose, and the minimally adjusted P value was .29 and the fully adjusted P value was .23 for systolic blood pressure.
For measurements by education, the minimally adjusted P value was .08 and the fully adjusted P value was .26 for blood glucose, and the minimally adjusted P value was .16 and the fully adjusted P value was .24 for systolic blood pressure.
For measurements by annual income, the minimally adjusted P value was .04 and the fully adjusted P value was .20 for blood glucose, and the minimally adjusted P value was .43 and the fully adjusted P value was .32 for systolic blood pressure.
For measurements by occupation type, the minimally adjusted P value was .30 and the fully adjusted P value was .21 for blood glucose, and the minimally adjusted P value was .14 and the fully adjusted P value was .16 for systolic blood pressure.