Statement concerning the review of the approval of the basic substances chitosan and chitosan hydrochloride when used in plant protection

. 2025 Apr 3;23(4):e9318. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9318

Crop and/or situation ^a	F G or I ^b	Pests or group of pests controlled ^c	Formulation		Application				Application rate			PHI (days) ^m	Remarks
Crop and/or situation ^a	F G or I ^b	Pests or group of pests controlled ^c	Type ^d , ^e , ^f	Conc of a.i. g/kg ⁱ	Method kind ^f , ^g , ^h	Growth stage and season ^j	No. of application min/max ^k	Interval between applications (min)	g a.i./hL min max (g/hL)	Water L/ha min max	Total rate each application g a.i./ha min max (g/ha) ^l	PHI (days) ^m	Remarks
Small fruit crops (3SMFC)	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low‐Medium volume spraying	Leaf development ‐ development of fruit (BBCH 10‐79)	4–8	2 weeks	50–200	200–400	100–800	0
Grapevine Vitis vinifera (VITVI)	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low‐Medium volume spraying	BBCH 10 ‐ BBCH 79	4–8	2 weeks	50–100	200–600	100–600	0
Fruit crops (3FRUC) Other than small fruit crops and grapevine	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low‐Medium volume spraying	BBCH 10 ‐ BBCH 79	4–8	2 weeks	50–100	200–400	100–400	0	Specific application rates are defined for small fruit crops and grapevine as set out in rows 1 and 2 of this table.
Vegetable crops (3VEGC)	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low‐Medium volume spraying	Leaf development ‐ development of fruit (BBCH 10‐79)	4–8	2 weeks	50–100	200–400	100–400	0
Cereal crops (3CERC)	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low‐Medium volume spraying	Leaf development ‐ development of fruit (BBCH 10‐79)	4–8	2 weeks	50–100	200–400	100–400	0
Spice crops (3SPIC)	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low‐Medium volume spraying	Leaf development ‐ development of fruit (BBCH 10‐79)	4–8	2 weeks	50–100	200–400	100–400	0
Crops grown for animal consumption	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low‐Medium volume spraying	Leaf development ‐ development of fruit (BBCH 10‐79)	4–8	2 weeks	50–100	200–400	100–400	0
Cereal crops (3CERC) Seed treatment	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low volume spraying	Before sowing	1	Not applicable	50–100	Not applicable	Not applicable	0
Potato (SOLTU) Seed treatment	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Low volume spraying/dipping	Before sowing	1	Not applicable	50–200	Not applicable	Not applicable	0
Sugar beet (BEAVA) Seed treatment	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	100% chitosan hydrochloride	Bulb treatment – Dipping/drenching	Germination (BBCH 00–01)	1	Not applicable	50–100	200–800	100–800	n.a.
Ornamentals herbaceous plants – bulbous plants Bulb treatment	FGI	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	Low volume spraying/dipping	Bulb treatment – Dipping/drenching	Leaf development – Senscence (BBCH 10–92)	1–8	5–7 days	50–200	200–400	100–800	0
Arable crops ‐ Beet crops (3BEEC)	FG	Plant elicitor, plant resistance against pathogenic fungi and bacteria	SP Soluble Powder	Low volume spraying/dipping	Bulb treatment – Dipping/drenching	Leaf development – Senscence (BBCH 10‐92)	1–8	5–7 days	50–200	200–400	100–800	0

^{^a}

For crops, the EU and Codex classification (both) should be taken into account; where relevant, the use situation should be described (e.g. fumigation of a structure).

^{^b}

Outdoor or field use (F), greenhouse application (G) or indoor application (I).

^{^c}

e.g. pests as biting and suckling insects, soil born insects, foliar fungi, weeds or plant elicitor.

^{^d}

e.g. wettable powder (WP), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), granule (GR) etc.

^{^e}

GCPF Codes – GIFAP Technical Monograph No 2, 1989.

^{^f}

All abbreviations used must be explained.

^{^g}

Method, e.g. high volume spraying, low volume spraying, spreading, dusting, drench.

^{^h}

Kind, e.g. overall, broadcast, aerial spraying, row, individual plant, between the plant – type of equipment used must be indicated.

^ⁱ

g/kg or g/L. Normally the rate should be given for the substance (according to ISO).

^{^j}

Growth stage at last treatment (BBCH Monograph, Growth Stages of Plants, 1997, Blackwell, ISBN 3‐8263‐3152‐4), including where relevant, information on season at time of application.

^{^k}

Indicate the minimum and maximum number of application possible under practical conditions of use.

^{^l}

The values should be given in g or kg whatever gives the more manageable number (e.g. 200 kg/ha instead of 200,000 g/ha or 12.5 g/ha instead of 0.0125 kg/ha.

^{^m}

PHI – minimum pre‐harvest interval.