Table 1. Factor or drug effects on promoting osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through MAPK pathways.

Positively regulate osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs
Factor or drug	Target	Cell source	Ref
Myricetin	ERK1/2 JNK p38 MAPK	upregulate OPN, OCN, COL1A1	Kim, Park & Choung (2018)
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein	ERK1/2	upregulate ALP, COL1A1	Lai et al. (2023)
Berberine	ERK1/2	upregulate FOS	Liu et al. (2018)
Asiatic acid	ERK1/2	upregulate BMP2, OSX	Thamnium et al. (2023)
Asarylaldehyde	ERK1/2 p38 MAPK	upregulate ALP, DMP1, OPN, COL1A1, Runx2	Hwang, Park & Han (2021)
Naringin	ERK1/2	upregulate ALP, OCN, Runx2	Wei et al. (2017)
20-hydroxyecdysone	ERK1/2	upregulate BMP2	Jian et al. (2013)
Oxytocin	ERK1/2	upregulate ALP, COL1A1, OCN, OPN, Runx2	Ge et al. (2019)
Hypoxia	ERK1/2 p38 MAPK	upregulate ALP, Sp7, Runx2, PGE2, VEGF	Wu et al. (2013)
Nitric oxide	JNK	upregulate ALP, Runx2, OPN, OSX downregulateLPL, PPARγ2, C/EBP	Yang et al. (2018)
Light-emitting diode	ERK1/2	upregulate ALP, OSX, OCN, Runx2	Yamauchi et al. (2018)
Gold nanoparticles	p38 MAPK	upregulate ALP, COL1A1, OSX, RUNX2	Niu et al. (2017)
Magnetic Stimulation	ERK1/2	upregulate ALP	Peluso et al. (2021)
TGF-β3	p38 MAPK	upregulate ALP	Li et al. (2019)
BMP-2/6/7/9	JNK p38 MAPK ERK5	upregulate ALP, OCN, OPN, OSX, RUNX2	Hakki et al. (2014), Jiang et al. (2016), Wang et al. (2017), Ye et al. (2014)
Progranulin	ERK1/2 JNK	upregulate ALP, RUNX2	Chen et al. (2020)
Dentin matrix protein 1	ERK1/2	upregulate ALP down-regulateTwist1	Chandrasekaran et al. (2013)
Growth arrest specific transcript 5	JNK p38 MAPK	upregulate growth differentiation factor 5	Yang et al. (2020)
Histone methyltransferase PRDM9	ERK1/2 JNK p38 MAPK	upregulate ALP	Zhao et al. (2024)