Table 2. Factor or drug effects on reducing osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through MAPK pathways.

Negatively regulate osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs
Factor or drug	Target	Cell source	Ref
IL-1β	JNK p38 MAPK	downregulate BMP2, OSX, RUNX2, OPN	Mao et al. (2016)
IL-17	ERK1/2 JNK	downregulate ALP, OCN	Dordevic et al. (2016)
Pyrophosphate	ERK1/2 JNK 38 MAPK	downregulate RUNX, OSX	Liang et al. (2021)
GroEL	JNK	downregulate ALP	Zhang et al. (2021)