Table 5 –

Association of frailty with outcomes after carotid intervention.

First author	Year	Country	Design	Surgical procedure	Frailty assessment tool	Outcomes	Sample size	Findings
Melin [91]	2015	United States	Retrospective cohort	CEA	RAI	Primary: mortality, LOS, non-home discharge Secondary: in-hospital stroke, TIA, MI	44,832	Frailty is a predictor of increased stroke, mortality, MI, and LOS after CEA for both symptomatic and asymptomatic stenosis.
Rothenberg [45]	2020	United States	Retrospective cohort	CEA	RAI	Primary: mortality, LOS, non-home discharge Secondary: in-hospital stroke, TIA, MI	42,869	RAI score is not associated with postoperative stroke, but frailty is associated with decreased long-term survival.
Khan [42]	2022	United States	Retrospective cohort	TCAR	mFI-5	Primary: mortality Secondary: TIA, MI, stroke/death, stroke/TIA, stroke/death/MI, discharge to nonhome facility, and LOS	17,983	Frail patients are at higher risk of in-hospital mortality, TIA, MI, stroke/death, stroke/TIA, stroke/death/MI, discharge to nonhome facility, and extended LOS.

Abbreviations: CAS, carotid artery stenting; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; LOS, length of stay; mFI, modified Frailty Index; MI, myocardial infarction; RAI, Risk Analysis Index; TCAR, trans-carotid artery stenting; TIA, transient ischemic attack.