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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 27.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Trauma. 2024 Jun 27;17(6):1231–1242. doi: 10.1037/tra0001698

Table A.1.

Model comparison and model building process for PTSD

Sampling Units N total observations = 149
N subjects = 77

Model Specification Model Name Nested Model Fixed Effects Random Effects Model fit LRT Test against nested

AIC BIC −2 LL df df X2

RE only Null - - intercepts 407.2 416.2 401.2 3 - -

FE main effect Model 1 Null Time intercepts 409.1 425.2 401.1 4 1 .1

FE two-way interactions – cumulative trauma Model 2 Model 1 Time + Age + Gender + Cumulative Trauma + Cumulative Trauma x Time intercepts 404.8 428.8 388.8 8 8 12.3*

FE two-way interactions – trauma subtypes Model 3 Model 1 Time + Age + Gender + Victimization + Death Threat + Accident/Injury + Victimization x Time + Death Threat x Time + Accident/Injury x Time intercepts 398.4 434.4 374.4 12 8 26.7*

Note. The PTSD variable is operationalized as standardized (Z) scores on the PCL for DSM IV at Time 1 and PCL-5 at Time 2, to allow for comparison across time. Abbreviations: Random effects (RE); Fixed effects (FE); Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC); Schwarz’s Bayesian Criterion (BIC); −2 Log Likelihood (−2 LL); Likelihood ratio test (LRT)