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. 2025 Mar 21;13:1525542. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1525542

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Copyright © 2025 Li, Yang, Zhang, Yao, Liu, Luan, Chen, Fang and Cheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Establishment of a standardized research model for HTO using CT data. (A) Before the osteotomy. (B) After the osteotomy. (C) Enlarged sagittal view of the osteotomy plane. (D) Enlarged coronal view of the osteotomy plane. (E) Enlarged coronal view of the osteotomy plane, with the purple area representing osteotomy plane 1 (the central osteotomy plane), the gray area representing osteotomy plane 2 (superior osteotomy plane), the yellow line representing hinge axis and the green area representing the hinge plateau. HTO, high tibial osteotomy; CT, computed tomography.