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. 2025 Mar 21;13:1525542. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1525542

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Changes in lower limb alignment, HKA angle, MPTA, and PTS before and after standard osteotomy. HKA, hip-knee-ankle; MPTA, medial proximal tibial angle; PTS, posterior tibial slope; FM, femoral mechanical axis; TM, tibial mechanical axis.