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. 2025 Apr 3;15:11451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94906-1

Table 4.

Steel properties.

Specification Yield strength
fs/MPa
Elastic modulus
Es/MPa
Steel bars with diameter of 8 mm 507 1.96 × 105
Steel bars with diameter of 6 mm 694 1.96 × 105
I-beam 257 1.94 × 105