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. 2025 Apr 3;15:11451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94906-1

Table 7.

Ultimate load statistics.

Specimen No. Debonding loads/Yield loads /kN Ultimate load
/kN
Test phenomena
JL55-2 72 198 (a) Steel yielding; (b) Concrete cracking; (c) Adhesive detachment
JL55-4 217 217 (a) Steel yielding; (b) Concrete cracking; (c) Adhesive detachment
JL55-6 202 316 (a) Steel yielding; (b) Concrete crushing
ML55-2 162 190 (a) Steel yielding; (b) Concrete cracking; (c) Adhesive detachment
JL150-2 198 224 (a) Steel yielding; (b) Concrete cracking; (c) Adhesive detachment
SL55-10 202 263 (a) Steel yielding; (b) Concrete cracking; (c) Cracks at concrete end; (d) Longitudinal cracks in the concrete
SL150-13 225 334 (a) Steel yielding; (b) Concrete cracking

Note: When the SCCB with bonded connectors (except JL55-6), the second column of the table is Debonding loads; When the composite beam with Stud connectors (include JL55-6), the second column of the table is Yield loads.