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. 2025 Apr 3;11(2):e002379. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002379

Table 3. Change from baseline comparing sexes for primary and key secondary outcome measures adjusted for age in years and the level at baseline.

Change among males Change among females Difference(95% CI) P value
Primary outcome measure:
 MaxLAVi, ml/m2 1.3 (−0.9 to 3.5) 1.4 (−2.0 to 4.8) 0.1 (−4.0 to 4.1) 0.978
Key secondary outcome measures:
 MinLAVi, mL/m2 −0.8 (−0.5 to 2.2) −0.2 (−2.2 to 1.9) −1.0 (−3.5 to 1.5) 0.424
 LAre strain, % −1.1 (−3.2 to 1.0) −2.2 (5.4 to 1.0) −1.1 (−5.0 to 2.8) 0.569
 LAct strain, % 2.1 (0.9 to 3.3) 0.8 (−1.1 to 2.6) −1.3 (−3.6 to 0.9) 0.231
 LA Stiffness Index, ratio 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02) 0.02 (0.00 to 0.03) 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) 0.511
 LAct/minLAVi, ratio 0.09 (-0.01 to 0.18) 0.06 (−0.08 to 0.21) −0.02 (−0.20 to 0.15) 0.782

Table 3: Comparison between sexes in age-adjusted primary and secondary variables. All measures are reported as least squares means with 95% confidence intervalCI.MaxLAVi: Left atrial maximum volume indexed to BSA. MinLAVi: Left atrial minimum volume indexed to BSA. LAre: Left atrial reservoir strain. LAct: Left atrial contraction strain. LA Stiffness Index: Calculated as (E/e)/LA reservoir strain. LAct/minLAVi: Left atrial contraction to minLAVi ratio.

LActleft atrial contraction strainLAct/minLAVileft atrial contraction to minLAVi ratioLAreleft atrial reservoir strainMaxLAVileft atrial maximum volume indexed to BSAMinLAVileft atrial minimum volume indexed to BSA