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. 2025 Apr 4;25:1273. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22282-6

Table 2.

Health status of study participants

Variable Types of Sanitation Worker p -value
N (%) Sweeper Waste Collector Transporter Pickers of dumping site
Wound and Cuts in Skin 0.01
 No 643 (93.2) 289 (95.1) 150 (89.3) 148 (96.1) 49 (86.0)
 Yes 47 (6.8) 15 (4.9) 18 (10.7) 6 (3.9) 8 (14.0)
Needle Stick Injury < 0.001
 No 666 (96.8) 301 (99.0) 155 (92.8) 150 (98.0) 53 (93.0)
 Yes 22 (3.2) 3 (1.0) 12 (7.2) 3 (2.0) 4 (7.0)
Wound Infection in Skin -
 No 681 (98.8) 298 (98.0) 166 (98.8) 154 (100.0) 56 (100.0)
 Yes 8 (1.2) 6 (2.0) 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Skin Problem 0.43
 No 612 (89.2) 275 (91.4) 147 (87.0) 133 (87.5) 51 (89.5)
 Yes 74 (10.8) 26 (8.6) 22 (13.0) 19 (12.5) 6 (10.5)
Eye Problem 0.54
 No 558 (81.2) 246 (80.9) 137 (81.5) 119 (78.8) 50 (87.7)
 Yes 129 (18.8) 58 (19.1) 31 (18.5) 32 (21.2) 7 (12.3)
Musculoskeletal disorder 0.09
 No 442 (64.0) 186 (61.2) 114 (67.5) 95 (61.7) 44 (77.2)
 Yes 249 (36.0) 118 (38.8) 55 (32.5) 59 (38.3) 13 (22.8)
Gastro-intestinal Problem 0.46
 No 623 (90.2) 272 (89.2) 157 (92.9) 136 (88.9) 53 (93.0)
 Yes 68 (9.8) 33 (10.8) 12 (7.1) 17 (11.1) 4 (7.0)
Respiratory Problem 0.23
 No 640 (92.6) 275 (90.5) 160 (94.7) 143 (92.9) 55 (96.5)
 Yes 51 (7.4) 29 (9.5) 9 (5.3) 11 (7.1) 2 (3.5)
Chronic Disease 0.02
 No 619 (89.7) 262 (85.9) 158 (94.0) 140 (90.9) 53 (94.6)
 Yes 71 (10.3) 43 (14.1) 10 (6.0) 14 (9.1) 3 (5.4)
Hypertension Stage 0.02
 Non-Hypertension 487 (70.4) 210 (68.9) 134 (79.3) 98 (63.6) 39 (68.4)
 Hypertension 205 (29.6) 95 (31.1) 35 (20.7) 56 (36.4) 18 (31.6)
Body Mass Index < 0.001
 Underweight (BMI < 18.5) 67 (9.7) 35 (11.5) 10 (5.9) 9 (5.8) 12 (21.1)
 Normal (BMI 18.5–22.9) 282 (40.8) 109 (35.7) 93 (55.0) 54 (35.1) 25 (43.9)
 Overweight (BMI 23.0–27.4) 199 (28.8) 81 (26.6) 52 (30.8) 51 (33.1) 11 (19.3)
 Obese (BMI  > = 27.5) 144 (20.8) 80 (26.2) 14 (8.3) 40 (26.0) 9 (15.8)

Data analyzed using χ² test for categorical-to-categorical analysis