Table 2.
Association between T2DM and clinical outcomes (all-cause death and cardiovascular events) in ischemic and non-ischemic HFmrEF patients: Cox regression models
| Events/ Total |
Events rate(%) | Model A | Model B | Model C | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
P-value | |||
| Ischemic | ||||||||
| ALL CAUSE DEATH | ||||||||
| without T2DM | 201/856 | 23.50% | Ref. | |||||
| with T2DM | 145/467 | 31.00% | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 0.001 | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 0.001 |
| CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT | ||||||||
| without T2DM | 562/856 | 65.70% | Ref. | |||||
| with T2DM | 338/467 | 72.40% | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 0.002 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 0.001 |
| Non-ischemic | ||||||||
| ALL CAUSE DEATH | ||||||||
| without T2DM | 88/281 | 31.30% | Ref. | |||||
| with T2DM | 23/87 | 26.40% | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 0.486 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | 0.621 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 0.957 |
| CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT | ||||||||
| without T2DM | 197/281 | 70.10% | Ref. | |||||
| with T2DM | 63/87 | 72.40% | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.471 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.433 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 0.113 |
Statistical significance is indicated by bold values (p < 0.05). Hazard ratios and confidence intervals are presented for each outcome.
Model A adjust for: None
Model B adjust for: Age; Sex
Model C adjust for: Age; Sex; Body mass index; Current smoker; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertension; Atrial fibrillation; Renal dysfunction; PCI; Stroke; NYHA class; NT-proBNP; COPD; Anaemia; Hyperuricaemia
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval; Other abbreviations can be found in Table 1.
Table Notes:
1. All-cause Death (Ischemic): Patients with T2DM show a significantly higher risk of all-cause death compared to those without T2DM (p = 0.001), with hazard ratios ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 across different models.
2. Cardiovascular Events (Ischemic): T2DM is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in ischemic HFmrEF patients, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.2 to 1.3 (p < 0.05).
3. All-cause Death (Non-ischemic): No significant association between T2DM and all-cause death in non-ischemic HFmrEF patients (p = 0.486).
4. Cardiovascular Events (Non-ischemic): No significant difference in cardiovascular events between T2DM and non-T2DM groups in non-ischemic HFmrEF patients (p = 0.433)