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. 2025 Mar 21;12:1564580. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1564580

Table 2.

The association between DII and CHD in different logistics models.

DII as a continuous variablea DII as a nominal variableb
OR 95% CI p OR 95% CI p
Model 1 1.057 1.026–1.089 < 0.001 1.104 1.043–1.168 < 0.001
Model 2 1.065 1.031–1.101 < 0.001 1.116 1.050–1.188 < 0.001
Model 3 1.049 1.012–1.087 0.008 1.095 1.024–1.171 0.008

Model 1: Crude. Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1, age, sex, race and education. Model 3: Adjusted for Model 2, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, and total cholesterol. OR, odds ratio; CI confidence interval.

a

OR was examined by per 1-unit increase of DII.

b

divided into lower, middle, and higher DII groups based on the tertiles of the DII distribution.