TABLE 2. Characteristics associated with symptomatic human metapneumovirus infection among children aged 6 months–17 years and adults aged 18–49 years — CASCADIA community cohort, Oregon and Washington, June 2022–March 2024.
| Variable | No. (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 306) | Children (n = 221) | Adults (n = 85) (Ref) | Odds ratio* (95% CI) | |
|
Sign or symptom
| ||||
| Cough |
246 (80.4)
|
189 (85.5) |
57 (67.1) |
2.9 (1.6–5.2) |
| Congestion or runny nose |
220 (71.9)
|
151 (68.3) |
69 (81.2) |
0.5 (0.3–0.9) |
| Sore throat |
118 (38.6)
|
76 (34.4) |
42 (49.4) |
0.5 (0.3–0.9) |
| Fatigue |
96 (31.4)
|
56 (25.3) |
40 (47.1) |
0.4 (0.2–0.6) |
| Fever |
72 (23.5)
|
61 (27.6) |
11 (12.9) |
2.6 (1.3–5.2) |
| Headache |
70 (22.9)
|
44 (19.9) |
26 (30.6) |
0.6 (0.3–1.0) |
| Muscle or body aches |
45 (14.7)
|
24 (10.9) |
21 (24.7) |
0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
| Shortness of breath |
22 (7.2)
|
17 (7.7) |
5 (5.9) |
1.3 (0.5–3.7) |
| Nausea or vomiting |
21 (6.9)
|
16 (7.2) |
5 (5.9) |
1.2 (0.4–3.5) |
| Diarrhea |
16 (5.2)
|
10 (4.5) |
6 (7.1) |
0.6 (0.2–1.8) |
| Loss of taste or smell |
11 (3.6)
|
6 (2.7) |
5 (5.9) |
0.5 (0.2–1.5) |
| Persistent pain or pressure in the chest |
7 (2.3)
|
3 (1.4) |
4 (4.7) |
0.3 (0.1–1.3) |
| Pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, or nail beds |
1 (0.3)
|
1 (0.5) |
0 (—) |
— |
|
Care-seeking†
|
252
|
183 |
69 |
— |
| No care-seeking |
224 (88.9)
|
162 (88.5) |
62 (89.9) |
0.9 (0.4–2.2) |
| Remote consult |
8 (3.2)
|
6 (3.3) |
2 (2.9) |
1.1 (0.2–5.8) |
| Medically attended doctor’s office or urgent care |
17 (6.8)
|
13 (7.1) |
4 (5.8) |
1.2 (0.4–4.0) |
| Pharmacy |
2 (0.8)
|
0 (—) |
2 (2.9) |
— |
| Visited hospital or emergency department in person |
2 (0.8)
|
1 (0.5) |
1 (0.5) |
0.4 (0–6.1) |
| Other or unspecified |
3 (1.2)
|
3 (1.6) |
0 (—) |
— |
|
Absence from work, school, or child care facility
|
252
|
183 |
69 |
— |
| Yes |
68 (27.0)
|
54 (29.5) |
14 (20.3) |
1.6 (0.8–3.2) |
| Days missed from work, school, or child care facility |
76 (31)
|
57 (23) |
19 (8) |
— |
| Median (range) |
2 (1–8)
|
2 (1–8) |
1.5 (1–5) |
— |
|
Codetection§
| ||||
| No |
186 (60.8)
|
127 (57.5) |
59 (69.4) |
Ref |
| Yes | 120 (39.2) | 94 (42.5) | 26 (30.6) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) |
Abbreviations: Ref = referent group; RSV = respiratory syncytial virus.
* Unadjusted odds ratios for ages 6 months–17 years versus 18–49 years.
† Participant could respond “yes” to one or more categories. Columns might not sum to 100%.
§ Codetection of human metapneumovirus with one or more other pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae (70); rhinovirus (30); adenovirus 1 (13), adenovirus 2 (11); human parainfluenza virus (four); human enterovirus (five); human coronavirus type HKU1 (three), type 229E (one), type NL63 (eight), and type OC43 (four); SARS-CoV-2 (two); influenza A (two) and influenza C (three); and RSV A (one) and RSV B (one).