Table 4.
Percentage of 1-min observation intervals where specific behaviors were observed across EAL phases and experimental conditions
| Behavior | Overall | 1: Baseline | 2: Tie Rail | 3:Arena Work | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAL Social-emotional | EAL Control | EAL Social-emotional | EAL Control | EAL Social-emotional | EAL Control | ||
| Licking and Chewing | 45.6% | 68.8% | 60.0% | 35.5% | 47.8% | 31.2% | 30.0% |
| Lip Quiver | 32.7% | 35.9% | 47.5% | 45.2% | 34.8% | 24.7% | 3.3% |
| Step Forward/Back | 27.1% | 45.3% | 40.0% | 25.8% | 30.4% | 7.5% | 13.3% |
| Head Raise | 18.3% | 34.4% | 10.0% | 22.6% | 8.7% | 16.1% | 8.3% |
| Tail Swish | 14.8% | 14.1% | 15.0% | 16.1% | 4.3% | 17.2% | 21.7% |
| Pawing | 6.4% | 18.8% | 20.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Head Toss | 5.3% | 9.4% | 0.0% | 6.5% | 0.0% | 7.5% | 5.0% |
| Neck and/or Body Shake | 5.0% | 3.1% | 12.5% | 6.5% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 0.0% |
| Lowering the Head and Neck | 2.8% | 1.6% | 7.5% | 3.2% | 0.0% | 4.3% | 0.0% |
| Itching (Rubbing) Head and Neck | 2.7% | 0.0% | 2.5% | 3.2% | 4.3% | 2.2% | 5.0% |
| Jaw and/or Body Stretch | 1.8% | 1.6% | 10.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% |
| Ears Pinned | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.3% | 0.0% |
| Kick Threat | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Bite Threat | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% |
| Head Turn with Ears Pinned | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |