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. 2025 Mar 25;13:1412480. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1412480

Table 2.

Differences in self-esteem and social anxiety among internet use groups.

Scale Normal internet use Mild internet addiction Severe internet addiction Z p η 2
SES score, median (quartiles)
SES1 8.00 (7.00, 9.00) 8.00 (8.00, 10.00) 9.00 (8.00, 11.00) 178.298 <0.001 0.165
SES2 6.00 (5.00, 6.00) 6.00 (6.00, 6.00) 6.00 (5.00, 7.00) 45.163 <0.001 0.075
SES3 6.00 (5.00, 7.00) 7.00 (6.00, 9.00) 9.00 (7.00, 11.00) 383.318 <0.001 0.211
Total SES scores 28.00 (26.00, 30.00) 26.00 (24.00, 28.00) 25.00 (20.50, 27.00) 385.136 <0.001 0.227
SA score, median (quartiles)
SA1 32.00 (26.00, 39.00) 38.00 (31.00, 46.00) 43.00 (27.00, 65.00) 260.887 <0.001 0.239
SA2 21.00 (17.00, 26.00) 25.00 (20.00, 30.00) 28.00 (16.00, 40.50) 265.515 <0.001 0.213
SA3 20.00 (16.00, 24.00) 24.00 (19.00, 29.00) 29.00 (16.50, 37.50) 298.585 <0.001 0.214
SA4 6.00 (4.00, 8.00) 7.00 (5.00, 9.00) 8.00 (4.50, 13.00) 68.684 <0.001 0.094
Total SA scores 32.00 (18.00, 48.00) 47.00 (30.00, 64.00) 61.00 (18.50, 104.00) 302.856 <0.001 0.256

SES1, SES2, SES3 represent the three factors extracted from the scale using structural equation modeling. SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4 represent the four factors extracted from the scale using structural equation modeling.