Table 2.
Acid‐responsive aPS.
|
Responsive moiety |
Quenching mechanism |
Photosensitizer |
Fluorescence activation [c] |
ROS activation [d] |
pKa |
Subcellular localization |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Morpholine |
PeT, ACQ |
Phthalocyanine |
/ |
/ |
5.69 |
Lysosome; Pearson correlation coefficient 0.75 |
[147] |
|
Hydrazone linker |
FRET |
ZnPc |
ΦF: 0.12→ 0.28 (DMF) |
ΦΔ: 0.35→ 0.56 (DMF) |
Nanoparticle dispersion started at 6.5 |
– |
[111] |
|
Phenylboronate ester bond protonation of amino group |
ACQ |
Pheophorbide a |
×12 |
– |
Nanoparticle dispersion at 7.4–6.0 |
– |
[148] |
|
Protonation of tertiary amine group |
ACQ, PeT |
TPP |
×2.9 |
~×6.1 |
Nanoparticle dispersion started at 6.2. |
– |
[149] |
|
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding by protonated carboxyl groups |
ACQ |
Porphyrin |
/ |
×2–3 |
2.85 |
Lysosome |
[113] |
|
Amino group |
PeT |
BODIPY |
/ |
/ |
Nanoparticle dispersion 6.5–4.5 |
Lysosome |
[150] |
|
Schiff bases bond |
ACQ |
Pyrochlorophyll a |
– |
– |
Nanoparticle dispersion tested in 6.5 |
– |
[151] |
|
Amino linker |
ACQ |
BODIPY |
×12.8 |
×38.4 |
– |
Lysosome |
[152] |
“/” data reported but cannot be quantified; “–” data not reported.