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. 2025 Apr 9;17:124. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01686-9

Table 2.

HR (95% CI) for outcomes across groups of Klotho levels

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Klotho HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
Continuous 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.0050 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.3898 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.2573
Q1 1.0 1.0 1.0
Q2 0.66 (0.53, 0.81) < 0.0001 0.68 (0.55, 0.84) 0.0003 0.71 (0.57, 0.88) 0.0017
Q3 0.65 (0.53, 0.80) < 0.0001 0.75 (0.60, 0.92) 0.0068 0.94 (0.75, 1.16) 0.5434
Q4 0.65 (0.53, 0.80) < 0.0001 0.80 (0.65, 0.99) 0.0384 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) 0.7533
P for trend 0.0003 0.0576 0.8030

Model 1: did not adjust for any confounding factors

Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, race

Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, race, PIR, Marital status, Smoking, Alcohol status, eGFR, Hypertension, Coronary heart disease

Footnote klotho levels quartile (Q): Q1:≤645.7; Q2:646.8–802.8; Q3:803- 1008.9; Q4:≥1009.5

Abbreviations: PIR, poverty income ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval