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. 2025 Apr 9;15(14):11243–11256. doi: 10.1039/d5ra00386e

Table 2. Antibacterial activity of the E. kachinensis and E. ciliata nanoemulsions (n = 3).

Bacteria MIC values (mg mL−1) MIC values (μg mL−1)
E. kachinensis essential oil E. kachinensis nanoemulsion E. ciliata essential oil E. ciliata nanoemulsion Tween 80 Ciprofloxacin
E. coli 0.9375 ± 0.0000 0.6250 ± 0.2706 0.9375 ± 0.0000 0.4688 ± 0.0000 3.7500 ± 1.8334 0.0156 ± 0.0000
P. aeruginosa 0.9375 ± 0.0000 0.7813 ± 0.2706 0.9375 ± 0.0000 0.7813 ± 0.2706 2.8125 ± 0.0000 0.1875 ± 0.0000
K. pneumoniae 0.6250 ± 0.2706 0.6250 ± 0.2706 0.4688 ± 0.0000 0.3125 ± 0.1353 2.8125 ± 0.0000 0.5000 ± 0.0000
S. aureus 1.8750 ± 0.0000 0.9375 ± 0.0000 0.3906 ± 0.1353 0.1503 ± 0.0677 5.6250 ± 0.0000 0.2500 ± 0.0000
B. subtilis 0.7810 ± 0.2706 0.625 ± 0.2706 0.1953 ± 0.0677 0.0372 ± 0.0136 4.6875 ± 1.6231 0.0625 ± 0.0000
S. epidermidis 0.9375 ± 0.000 0.625 ± 0.2706 0.3906 ± 0.1105 0.0743 ± 0.0371 2.8125 ± 0.0000 0.1250 ± 0.0000