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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Biomater Sci. 2025 Apr 8;13(8):1939–1959. doi: 10.1039/d4bm01677g

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

X-ray computed tomography for in vivo immune cell tracking. (A) Cell tracking procedure for CT imaging. Cells are labeled with GNPs in vitro and are then injected intravenously into mice and tracked using CT imaging.71 Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. TEM images of (B) control macrophages without treatment and (C) macrophages treated with dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles.51 Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Chemical Engineering Journal published by Elsevier. (D) 3D CT, CT and fluorescence images of tumor. 3D CT image indicates the location of the tumor, while CT and fluorescence track GNP labeled T-cells used in TCR therapy. There is a high correlation between CT imaging and fluorescence imaging, validating the tracking of T-cells using GNPs and CT.70 Reprinted (adapted) with permission from R. Meir, et al., ACS Nano, 2015, 9(6), 6363–6372. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. (E) 3D CT image of GNP labeled NK cells accumulating at the tumor site following intravenous injection of NK cells.71 Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.