Table 1.
Maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes of the pregnant woman included in the study
| Control n=45 | FGR n=45 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (year) | 27±4.8 | 27±5.3 | 0.917ᶲ |
| BMI at during test (kg/m2) | 30.1 (26.7-32.9) | 26 (24.9-28.1) | 0.001¥ |
| Weight gained during pregnancy (kg) | 11.9±4.12 | 10.8±3.88 | 0.209ᶲ |
| Gravida | 2 (1-3) | 1 (1-2) | 0.360¥ |
| Parity | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0.237¥ |
| Week in which USG was performed | 34 (33-36) | 35 (34-36) | 0.062¥ |
| SDP (mm) | 50±11 | 44±14 | 0.020ᶲ |
| UA S/D | 2.51 (2.21-2.76) | 2.62 (2.34-3.36) | 0.008¥ |
| UA PI | 0.86 (0.78-0.98) | 0.98 (0.85-1.16) | 0.001¥ |
| UtA S/D | 1.85 (1.69-2.21) | 2.20 (1.79-3.04) | 0.008¥ |
| UtA PI | 0.70 (0.58-0.94) | 0.97 (0.62-1.26) | 0.012¥ |
| MCA PSV (cm/s) | 48 (39-55) | 46 (38-55) | 0.821¥ |
| MCA S/D | 5.45 (4.36 (6.79) | 4.87 (3.69-6.35) | 0.109¥ |
| MCA PI | 1.70±0.314 | 1.56±0.368 | 0.050ᶲ |
| CPR | 1.99±0.470 | 1.60±0.491 | <0.001ᶲ |
| CPUR | 2.67 (1.87-3.59) | 1.74 (1.03-2.72) | <0.001¥ |
| UCR | 0.49 (0.44-0.61) | 0.61 (0.52-0.83) | <0.001¥ |
| DDA | 5.80 (5.22-6.45) | 7.10 (5.73-8.76) | <0.001¥ |
| Gestational age at delivery (week) | 39 (38-40) | 37 (36-37) | <0.001¥ |
| Birth weight (gram) | 3200 (2830-3455) | 2240 (2018-2380) | <0.001¥ |
| Preterm birth (<37 week) | 4 (8.9) | 18 (40) | 0.001£ |
| Birth method | 0.072£ | ||
| Normal spontaneous vaginal birth | 20(44.4) | 15 (33.3) | |
| Primary cesarean section | 17 (37.8) | 27 (60) | |
| Previous cesarean section history | 8 (17.8) | 3(6.7) | |
| Female gender | 25 (55.6) | 25 (55.6) | N/A£ |
| Fetal distress | 6 (13.3) | 12 (26.7) | 0.188£ |
| APGAR Score at 1st minute | 9 (9-9) | 8 (7-9) | <0.001¥ |
| APGAR Score at 5th minute | 10 (10-10) | 9 (8-10) | <0.001¥ |
| NICU admission | 5 (11.1) | 19 (42.2) | 0.002£ |
| TTN | 3 (6.7) | 10 (22.2) | 0.072£ |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 0 (0) | 4 (8.9) | 0.117£ |
| Need for CPAP | 4 (8.9) | 13 (28.9) | 0.031£ |
| Need for mechanical ventilator | 0 (0) | 5 (11.1) | 0.056£ |
| Need for phototherapy | 1 (2.2) | 3 (6.7) | 0.616£ |
| Neonatal sepsis | 0 (0) | 3 (6.7) | 0.242£ |
| Neonatal hematocrit (%) | 54±4.2 | 56±5.6 | 0.124ᶲ |
| Neonatal cord blood pH | 7.42 (7.37-7.44) | 7.32 (7.23-7.38) | 0.009¥ |
| Composite adverse neonatal outcomes | 5 (11.1) | 19 (42.2) | 0.002£ |
Data are expressed as mean±SD or median and quartiles (Q1-Q3 where appropriate. A p value of <0.05 indicates a significant difference. Statistically significant p-values are in bold. ᶲStudent t test, ¥ Mann-Whitney U test, £ Chi-squared test. FGR: Fetal growth restriction; BMI: Body mass index; SDP: Single deepest pocket; UA S/D: Umblical arterial systolic/diastolic ratio; UA PI: Umblical arterial pulsatility index; UtA S/D: Uterine artery systolic/diastolic ratio; UtA PI: Uterine artery pulsatility index; MCA PSV: Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity; MCA S/D: Middle cerebral artery systolic/diastolic ratio; MCA PI: Middle cerebral artery pulsatility index; CPR: Cerebroplacental ratio; CPUR: Cerebralplacentaluterine ratio; UCR: Umbilicalcerebral ratio; DDA: Diastolic deceleration area; NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit; TTN: Transient tachypnea of the newborn; CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure. Composite adverse neonatal outcomes: Neonatal sepsis, need for mechanical ventilator, need for CPAP, 5th minute APGAR below 7, birth weight below 2000 g, neonatal low cord blood pH.