Table 7.
Hypercholesterolemia status: Multivariable associations of total testosterone and calculated free testosterone with all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), and cancer mortality: NHANES 1988–2014 linked with 2015 mortality data
| Mortality full sample†a (N = 5,379) |
Mortality subset sample†b (Adjusted for estradiol and SHBG) N = 3,740 |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypercholesterolemia (N = 1,837) |
No-hypercholesterolemia (N =3,542) |
Hypercholesterolemia (N = 1,234) |
No-hypercholesterolemia (N = 2,506 |
||||||||||
| All-cause (n = 214) | CVD (n = 57) | Cancer (n = 49) | All-cause (n = 445) | CVD (n=103) | Cancer (n = 107) | All-cause (n = 191) | CVD (n=52) | Cancer (n=45) | All-cause (n = 414) | CVD (n = 99) | Cancer (n = 100) | ||
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
|
| |||||||||||||
| T deficiency (≤300 ng/dL), (N = 1137) | T deficiency (≤ 300 ng/dL), (N = 659) | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.09 (0.71, 1.68) |
1.34 (0.67, 2.69) |
0.87 (0.31, 2.46) |
0.78 (0.50, 1.22) |
1.02 (0.49, 2.10) |
0.96 (0.35, 2.66) |
Yes | 0.91 (0.57, 1.46) |
1.11 (0.45, 2.74) |
1.21 (0.29, 5.02) |
0.81 (0.49, 1.33) |
0.81 (0.38, 1.74) |
1.20 (0.40, 3.60) |
| Total T (ng/dL) | Total T (ng/dL) | ||||||||||||
| T1 (100–354 ng/dL) (N = 1791) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | T1 (100–374 ng/dL) (N = 1243) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| T2 (355–519) (N = 1808) | 0.82 (0.48, 1.42) |
1.21 (0.61, 2.39) |
0.56 (0.21, 1.46) |
0.98 (0.67, 1.42) |
1.18 (0.58, 2.37) |
1.16 (0.46, 2.95) |
T2 (375–539) (N = 1242) | 0.80 (0.41, 1.54) |
1.62 (0.73, 3.62) |
0.36 (0.12, 1.09) |
0.99 (0.69, 1.44) |
1.57 (0.71, 3.49) |
1.05 (0.41, 2.69) |
| T3 (≥520) (N = 1780) | 0.74 (0.41, 1.33) |
1.06 (0.53, 2.12) |
0.76 (0.29, 1.96) |
1.32 (0.90, 1.95) |
1.13 (0.49, 2.59) |
2.51 (0.96, 6.60) |
T3 (≥ 540) (N = 1255) | 0.70 (0.33, 1.49) |
1.97 (0.65, 6.00) |
0.37 (0.09, 1.60) |
1.31 (0.86, 1.99) |
2.39 (0.77, 7.38) |
1.86 (0.62, 5.55) |
| p trend | 0.31 | 0.92 | 0.60 | 0.12 | 0.77 | 0.03 | p trend | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.21 |
| Calculated free-T (pg/dL) | Calculated free-T (pg/dL) | ||||||||||||
| T1 (15.5) (N = 1162) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | T1 (15.5) (N = 1,162) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| T2 (15.6–22.3) (N = 1165) | 0.89 (0.50, 1.58) |
1.19 (0.53, 2.67) |
0.75 (0.27, 2.10) |
1.25 (0.84, 1.87) |
1.36 (0.75, 2.49) |
1.35 (0.43, 4.27) |
T2 (15.6–22.3) (N = 1165) | 0.86 (0.47, 1.56) |
1.55 (0.59, 4.09) |
0.65 (0.24, 1.80) |
1.19 (0.78, 1.80) |
1.61 (0.79, 3.25) |
1.21 (0.37, 3.94) |
| T3 (22.3–24.70) (N = 1164) | 0.82 (0.47, 1.43) |
0.97 (0.50, 1.87) |
0.83 (0.31, 2.19) |
1.69 (1.14, 2.52) |
1.03 (0.35, 3.03) |
2.61 (0.88, 7.75) |
T3 (22.3–24.70) (N = 1164) | 0.79 (0.43, 1.43) |
1.93 (0.50, 7.46) |
0.60 (0.22, 1.64) |
1.52 (0.96, 2.40) |
1.61 (0.42, 6.12) |
2.02 (0.66, 6.21) |
| P trend | 0.48 | 0.95 | 0.69 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 0.05 | P trend | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.42 | 0.16 |
†
Multivariable model adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, smoking status, history of hypertension, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index
a
NHANES waves 1988–1991, 1999–2004, 2011–2014
b
NHANES waves 1988–1991, 1999–2004, 2013–2014
ND = not determined due to small sample size